Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

Contents

2020, 49(9): 0.

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Research Progresses of Rice Landrace Resources in Yunnan Province

ZHAO Caimei, , CHENG Zaiquan , YIN Fuyou , LI Dingqin , CHEN Ling , ZHONG Qiaofang , XIAO Suqin , CHEN Yue , WANG Bo , HUANG Xingqi

2020, 49(9): 1-10. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.001

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Yunnan Province is rich in local rice landrace resources.The reasonable excavation and utilization of excellent rice landrace traits would be benefit for accelerating the efficiency of rice breeding and promoting the development of rice industry.In this paper, the collection and classification, agronomic traits,genetic diversity,quality and stress resistance of Yunnan Province rice landrace resources were summarized,so as to provide theoretical reference for further research and utilization of rice landrace resources in Yunnan Province.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression of Wheat Dof Transcription Factors

REN Yongkang, NIU Yuqi, LU Chengfang, TANG Zhaohui

2020, 49(9): 11-19. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.002

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The bioinformation methods were used to identify the Dof(DNA binding with one finger)transcription factor at genome-wide level in wheat,and the conserved domains,phylogenetic relationship,collinearity and expression patterns were also analyzed,so as to lay the foundation for function study of Dof transcription factor. The results showed that a total of 86 Dof genes were identified in wheat genome,they were unevenly distributed on the wheat chromosomes,and there were 30,29 and 27 Dof genes were distributed in A,B and D sub-genomes.Phylogenetic analysis showed that wheat Dof transcription factors could be divided into seven sub-groups,namely A,B,C1,C2,C3,D1 and D2,and D1 sub-group was the largest one with 29 members.The results of the multiple sequence alignment showed that all wheat Dof transcription factors contained a C-X₂ -C-X₂₁ -CX₂ -C motif.Collinearity analysis showed that 29 collinear gene pairs were formed by 23 Dof genes,indicating that duplication occurred during the evolution process.The expression patterns showed that Dof genes were differentially expressed in different tissues and under different abiotic stresses,indicating that Dof genes played important roles in plant growth and development,as well as in response to biotic and abiotic responses.

Effects of Different Foliar Fertilizers and Application Periods on Panicle Traits,Yield and Quality of Rice

QIN Meng, LIU Lihua, ZHENG Guiping, KANG Kai, LI Hongyu, LÜ Yandong, CHEN Zhibo, SUN Weisheng

2020, 49(9): 20-26. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.003

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Taking rice variety Kenjing 8 as the experimental material,the effects of different foliar fertilizers[Leili(0.45 L/ha),Zhanshi(1.05 L/ha),KH₂PO₄(3.00 kg/ha)]on panicle traits,yield and quality of rice at different application periods(applying foliar fertilizer two times:full heading stage and 15 d after full heading;applying foliar fertilizer four times:jointing stage,full panicle stage,10 and 20 d after full heading) were studied,so as to provide theoretical basis for the selection of the best foliar fertilizer for improving quality and yield of rice.The results showed that applying Leili four times increased the number of primary and secondary branches,seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight of primary and secondary branches compared with CK without foliar fertilizer.Application of Leili,Zhanshi and KH₂PO₄ in different periods had different effects on increase of rice yield. The effect of applying foliar fertilizer four times was better than that of applying foliar fertilizer two times,and applying Leili,Zhanshi and KH₂PO₄ four times increased the yield by 12.43%,10.59% and 11.24% compared with CK respectively.In terms of quality,applying Leili four times had the best effect on increase of the brown rice rate,polished rice rate,protein content and amylose content of rice,applying KH₂PO₄ four times had the best effect on decrease of chalky grain rate and chalkiness. To sum up,applying Leili four times at jointing stage,full panicle stage,10 and 20 d after full heading had the best effect on improvement of yield and quality of rice.

Breeding of New Maize Variety Xindan 58 with Characteristics of High Yield,Good Quality,High Density Tolerance and Easy to Mechanical Harvest

MA Junfeng, MA Yi, WEI Feng, WEI Xiaoyi, HONG Defeng, WANG Jiamu, PENG Dong, TANG Zhenhai, ZHANG Jianxin, ZHANG Xueshun

2020, 49(9): 27-32. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.004

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Xindan 58 is a new maize variety bred by Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences with Xinmei 09 as the female parent and Xin 4095 as the male parent. Xindan 58 was approved by National Crop Variety Approval Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2019. During 2017 and 2018,the average yield of Xindan 58 was 8 472.0 kg/ha in regional test for mechanical harvest of the national improved varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize area,which was 5.4% higher than that of the control of Zhengdan 958.In 2018,the average yield of Xindan 58 in production test was 8 385.9 kg/ha,which was 9.7% higher than that of Zhengdan 958.Xindan 58 has characteristics of high yield,good quality and high density tolerance, and was suitable for mechanized grain harvest with the planting density of 75 000—90 000 plants/ha.It is suitable to be planted as a mechanical grain harvest variety in the areas as follows:Henan Province,Shandong Province,Tangshan City,Langfang City,Baoding City and the south of Cangzhou City in Hebei Province,Beijing City,Tianjin City,Guanzhong irrigation area,Yuncheng City and Linfen City,partial plain areas of Jincheng City in Shanxi Province,north of Huai river in Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province,Xiangyang area in Hubei Province.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Squamosa Promoter Binding Protein-like Transcription Factors in Morus notabilis

HAN Lihong, LIU Chao, ZHAO Mingyu, HU Lijuan, HU Yushuang

2020, 49(9): 33-42. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.005

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SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE ( SPL) protein is plant-specific transcription factor,play vital roles in the regulatory responses of plant growth,development and stress.In this study,15 SPL genes were identified from Morus notabilis. MnSPLs transcription factors were clustered into eight groups.Gene structure and motif analysis indicated that most MnSPLs had relatively conserved exonintron arrangements and amino acids motif composition.Several paralogs and orthologs were predicted within the MnSPLs and along with Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa SPLs.Seven MnSPLs were predicted to be targets of miR156/157.MnSPLs were expressed differentially in various tissues of M.notabilis,six genes of them were highly expressed in five tissue,some genes were mainly highly expressed in winter buds and male flowers.MnSPL genes tissue-specific expression,and played important role in the growth and development of mulberry.

Effect of Biochar and Organic Fertilizer on Growth of Tobacco under Pb Stress

JIN Hongshi, JIN Jianghua, HE Zhaowei, YU Dapeng, ZHANG Shiqiang, GUO Lili, ZHAO Mingqin, LI Yu’e, LIU Pengfei

2020, 49(9): 43-50. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.006

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In order to alleviate the stress of heavy metal Pb on flue-cured tobacco and reduce the toxicity of Pb,pot experiments were conducted to simulate Pb pollution in soil(200 mg/ kg).The threatments were setted as no fertilizer( CK),single application of compound fertilizer special for tobacco( T1),compound fertilizer special for tobacco and biochar combined application(T2),compound fertilizer special for tobacco,biochar and organic fertilizer(T3),and the effects of combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer on biomass accumulation of flue-cured tobacco,root activity,Pb accumulation of tobacco plant and soil microbial population under Pb stress.The results showed that the biomass of fluecured tobacco treated with T3 was 24.5% higher than that of T1 at 90 d after transplanting,and the biomass showed T3>T2>T1 at the same nitrogen application rate;the root activity of tobacco plant showed T3>T2>T1>CK in general,among which T3 and T2 were 94.9% and 55.1% higher than that of CK at 90 d after transplanting,respectively.At 90 d after transplanting,the available Pb content in soil,Pb content of tobacco stems and tobacco leaf were reduced by 15.8%,40.6% and 25.0% compared with CK,respectively,and the Pb content of tobacco leaves in T3 decreased by 30.0% and 20.9% compared with T1,T2 respectively.Soil pH value and microbial flora of T3 were significantly improved compared with CK and T1.In general,the application of biochar and the combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer could reduce the effect of heavy metal Pb on the growth of flue-cured tobacco,decrease the content of available Pb in the soil and the accumulation of Pb in roots,stems and leaves,and improve soil microorganism quantity.

Influens of Eggplant Straw-based Biochar Comined with Ryegrass on Remediation of Cd and Pyrene Co-contaminations in Soil

LI Guirong, CHEN Fukai, JIA Shengyong, WANG Zongshuo, GUO Zenan

2020, 49(9): 51-61. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.007

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In order to solve the issues of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminations in farmland in China,potted experiments were used to reveal the effects of eggplant straw based biochar(ESBC) combined with Ryegrass on the removals of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) and pyrene and soil microbial community structure.The aim of the present study was to clarify the mechanism of ESBC combined with Ryegrass remediating the Cd and pyrene co-contaminated soil.The results showed that under the soil Cd and pyrene contents of 16.8 mg/kg and 71.04 mg/kg,the removal rates of Cd and pyrene of the group with biochar reached 21.88% and 23.55% on the day 60 in soil,which was improved by 17.71% and 14.28% compared with the control group without biochar. When the biochar dosage and Ryegrass planting density were 30 mg/ g and 13.5 mg/cm² ,the highest Cd and pyrene removal rates were 20.59% and 70.58%,respectively.The high-throughput sequencing results showed that biochar could increase soil microbial abundance,and that biochar combined with Ryegrass could significantly affect soil microbial community structure.Cd-Pyrene contaminations decreased the relative content of dominant soil bacteria,in which the relative content of Sphingomonas and Gemmatimonas decreased by 3.08 pencentage points and 1.69 pencentage points;while biochar of the Cd resistant and pyrene degrading bacteria of Sphingomonas addition increased the relative content by 1.22 pencentage points;furthermore,biochar combined with Ryegrass could significantly increase the relative content of pyrene degrading bacteria Pseudomonas and Enterobacter by 160 times and 414 times.In summary,biochar combined with Ryegrass can significantly remove soil Cd and pyrene,and increase the relative abundance of Cd and pyrene degrading bacteria.

Annual Variation of Fe and Mn in Soil-crop System in Different Two-crop Rotation Patterns

LI Xiaobo, SHAO Yun, MA Shouchen, LI Chunxi, LIU Qing, WENG Zhengpeng

2020, 49(9): 62-71. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.008

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In order to understand the function of trace elements in agricultural system,the changes of Fe and Mn contents in soil-crop system in different rotation patterns were studied,which would offer theoretical help and production instruction for nutrient management.Four cropping patterns,which were wheatmaize(W-M),wheat-soybean (W-B),wheat-peanut (W-P) and wheat-sweet potato (W-S),were conducted in the rhizoboxes.And inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the contents of Fe and Mn in soil and crop plant samples.The accumulation amount of Fe and Mn in the above-ground part of different crops and the enrichment coefficients of different crops in maturity stage were calculated.The results showed that,the Fe and Mn contents in the above-ground part of wheat and summer crop in W-M and W-B modes were increased gradually over each growth stage.However,in W-P mode,the Fe content was gradually decreased in the above-ground part of wheat.And the Fe and Mn accumulation amounts in the above-ground part of summer crop in W-P mode showed a trend of climbingup first and then dropping-down with different growth satge.In W-S mode,the accumulation amount of Fe and Mn in the above-ground part of wheat gradually increased,but the accumulation amount of Fe and Mn in the above-ground part of the summer crop increased first and then decreased with different growth satge.The contents of Fe and Mn in soils gradually decreased in different rotation patterns.In 0—20 cm and 20—50 cm soil layers,the W-M model had the highest Fe and Mn content in October 2018,but in the depth of 50—80 cm soil layer,the W-B and W-S modes had higher Fe and Mn content in October 2018.And the Fe enrichment coefficients of different crops were less than Mn.The enrichment coefficient of Fe and Mn in W-S mode were the highest in wheat.The Fe enrichment coefficient of W-M mode was highest in summer crop,and the Mn enrichment coefficient of W-B mode was highest in summer crop at the same time.

Effect of Different Litter Input Treatment on Available Phosphorus Content of Forest Ground Soil in Warm Temperate Zone

HAN Zhonghai, LI Huiping, ZHAO Lixin, WANG Tianping, SHI Beibei, XU Qianzeng, WANG Lu, WU Mingzuo

2020, 49(9): 72-80. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.009

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The DIRT(Detritus input removal and transfer) experiment was established near a 1 ha forest ecosystem long term observation stand in Quercus acutissima forest in Jiaozuo State Forest Farm,Henan Province.Four treatments were set up in this DIRT experiment including DL(Double litter,i.e.twice aboveground litter inputs),NL(No litter,i.e.aboveground litter excluded from plots),NI(No input,i.e.aboveground litter and around roots excluded from plot) and CK(Control,normal litter inputs).The soil available phosphorus of 0—10 cm and 10—20 cm soil layers were measured for continuous 2 years,the change rate,change velocity,month to month growth rate and year to year growth rate of soil available phosphorus were calculated,so as to clarify the impact of litter input change on the available phosphorus content in ground soil in Quercus acutissima forest in warm temperate zone,provide reference for further study on the soil available phosphorus dynamic,and provide basis for further study on ecosystem response to global climate change.The results indicated that the soil available phosphorus content had seasonal change,lower in spring and early summer,higher in autumn and winter;the soil available phosphorus content of 0—10 cm layer was higher than that of 10—20 cm layer,but there was no significant difference,the relationship could be expressed with power function.At 0—10 cm layer,DL treatment increased the soil available phosphorus content,while NL and NI treatments reduced soil available phosphorus content,but there was no significant difference between these treatments,while the change rate of soil available phosphorus content had significant difference.The change velocity of soil available phosphorus content narrowed its fluctuation range,while the month to month growth rate and year to year growth rate of soil available phosphorus content expanded its fluctuation range in the late stage;these indexes had no significant differences among different treatments,respectively.The litter input treatment and season change had significant impact on soil available phosphorus content at 0—10 cm layer,but little at 10—20 cm layer.The research clearly showed that different treatment of litter input mainly affect the soil available phosphorus content of 0—10 cm soil layer,but weakly affect that of 10—20 cm soil layer;the seasonal change affects the soil available phosphorus either.

Sensitivity of Magnaporthe oryzae to Prochloraz and Tricyclazole and The Synergistic Effect of Two Agents

LIU Shijiang, ZHAO Qijun, DING Yi, LI Rongyu, LI Ming, WU Xiaomao

2020, 49(9): 81-87. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.010

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In order to define the sensitivity sensitivity of Magnaporthe oryzae to prochloraz and tricyclazole and the synergistic effect of two agents,the 103 isolates of M.oryzae were isolated and collected from Guizhou,Hubei,Henan and Hunan Provinces,sensitivity of M.oryzae isolates to prochloraz was determined by mycelial growth rate method,rice seedling method was used to determine the sensitivity of M.oryzae to tricyclazole and the synergistic effect of prochloraz and tricyclazole.The results showed that the EC₅₀ of prochloraz,tricyclazole against M.oryzae were 0.004 2—0.056,0.35—9.67 μg/mL,respectively,and the sensitivity frequency distribution of strain was close to normal distribution.Thus,the average EC₅₀ values 0.027,5.24 μg/mL could be used as basline-sensitivity of M.oryzae to prochloraz,tricyclazole in the southern region of China,respectively.The results of synergistic combination showed that the ratio of obviously effective components of prochloraz to tricyclazole was 4∶20,the co toxicity coefficient(CTC) was 177.10 and EC₅₀ value was 1.10 μg/mL.After 21 d after treatment the field efficacy of this combination(4∶20) of 180 g/ha was 86.41% against rice blast.Thus,the prochloraz and tricyclazole(4∶20)can be applied to control rice blast in field production,and the recommended dosage should be 180 g/ha.

Preliminary Study on Behavioral Responses of Thrips hawaiiensis to Volatiles of Different Flowers

CAO Yu, MENG Yonglu, YANG Hong, LI Jun, ZHANG Guozhou, WANG Yawei, LI Can

2020, 49(9): 88-97. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.011

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In order to test the olfactory responses of T.hawaiiensis to different host plant volatiles and further explore the host selection and damage mechanism of this pest species,the behavioral responses of T.hawaiiensis to the volatiles of Eustoma grandiflorum,Rhododendron simsii,Lilium brownie and Dendranthema morifolium flowers were studied by Y-type and Four-arm olfactometers.In addition,the components and relative content of the volatiles from the four kinds of flowers were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that female adults of T.hawaiiensis performed steady preference to the flower volatiles (E.grandiflorum>R.simsii>L.brownie>D.morifolium).The volatile components from the four kinds of flowers were analyzed by GC-MS,and there were 38,56,42 and 44 components identified in the volatile profiles of E.grandiflorum,R.simsii,L.brownie and D.morifolium,respectively.2-butenal(47.06%),nonanal(15.21%),trans-β-ocimene(25.16%) and chrysanthenone(30.50%)were separately the most abundant components of the volatiles of E.grandiflorum,R.simsii,L.brownie and D.morifolium.Thus,the different olfactory responses of T.hawaiiensis to the four flowers may be closely correlated with the differences of flower volatiles types and concentrations.

Spectral Sensitivity and Response to Light Intensity of Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)

CHEN Zhen, JIANG Jing, ZHANG Ruiping, LI Hongmei, KUANG Rongping

2020, 49(9): 98-104. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.012

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To clarify the spectral sensitivity and response to light intensity of Thrips tabaci Lindeman(Thysanoptera:Thripidae),15 monochromatic lights (ranging from 340 to 649 nm) and six different light intensities(1,10,50,100,150,200 lx) were adopted.The results showed that adult T.tabaci showed a positive phototaxis to the full spectrum natural light and 15 kinds of different monochromatic light,and no light avoidance reaction.The adult T.tabaci with two peak of sensitivity at 510,and 450 nm.Blue-green light (510 nm) and blue light (450 nm) were more attractive to T.tabaci adults,and the response rates were 80.0%,the displacements were 35.8 cm and 29.8 cm,respectively.The others order was green light(538 nm)>violet light (414 nm)>red light (601 nm) >blue light (492 nm)>UV light (380 nm)>UV light (340 nm)>red light (628 nm)>blue-green light (504 nm)>green light (549 nm)>yellow-green light (568 nm)>yellow light(577 nm)>yellow (589 nm)>red light (649 nm).The displacements in response of T.tabaci to blue-green light (510 nm) was significantly higher than that to all dark control,blue-green light (504 nm),green light (549 nm),yellow-green light (568 nm),yellow light (577,589 nm) and red light (628,649 nm). Overall,the sensitive spectrum of adults is mainly concentrated in the short wave region of ultraviolet lights (340—380 nm)—blue-violet lights (414—492 nm)—blue-green light (510 nm),which is not sensitive to the long wave region of green—yellow—red (549—649 nm).Furthermore,the light intensity has a significant effect on the phototaxis behavior of T.tabaci adults,showing that as the light intensity increase,the phototaxis as a whole increase in a wavy manner.The results indicated that thrip response to different wavelengths and light intensities are significantly different.We suggested that blue (450 nm) and blue-green(510 nm) colour trap boards can be used for monitoring and controlling T.tabaci.

Effects of Three Insecticides on Survival,Pupation and Emergence of Assara inouei Yamanaka

HE Chao, SHEN Dengrong, YIN Lihong, ZHANG Rui, YUAN Shengyong, TIAN Xuejun

2020, 49(9): 105-111. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.013

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In order to screen out effective insecticides with high insecticidal activity against Assara inouei Yamanaka,under laboratory conditions,immersion method and feeding method were used to determine the direct lethality of three insecticides,chlorantraniliprole,chlorfenapyr and acetamiprid,on the eggs,newly hatched larvae and mature larvae of Assara inouei,and their influence on the pupation and emergence of subsequent developmental stages.The results showed that 20% acetamiprid WP 8 000 times solution could significantly reduce the hatching rate of eggs,and the hatching rate of eggs decreased by 48.54% compared with the control;5% chlorantraniliprole and 10% chlorfenapyr had a poor inhibitory effect on egg hatching.The mortality rate of 5% chlorantraniliprole SC 1 000 times solution after treatment of newly hatched larvae for 72 h was 77.82%,which was significantly higher than those of the treatments with the other two insecticide;The pupation rate of the surviving larvae and emergence rate of adult were reduced by 63.54% and 42.07%,respectively,compared with the control,and were significantly lower than those of the treatments with the other two insecticide.10% chlorfenapyr SC 1 500 times solution treatment of mature larvae,the mortality rate after 24 h was 76.21%,and the mortality rate after 72 h was 81.06%,which was significantly higher than those of the concentration treatments of the other two insecticide;The
pupation rate of the surviving larvae and emergence rate of adult were significantly lower than those of the treatments with 20% acetamiprid WP,but there was no significant difference with 5% chlorantraniliprole SC 1 000 times solution treatment.These results indicate that 5% chlorantraniliprole has high insecticidal activity against newly hatched larvae,and has a good inhibitory effect on the pupation and emergence of subsequent developmental stages;10% chlorfenapyr has higher fast-acting insecticidal activity against mature larvae;The ovicidal effect of 20% acetamiprid is better than 5% chlorantraniliprole and 10% chlorfenapyr,but has low activity against larvae.

Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Concentrations on Growth and Nitrogen Absorption,Transportation of Red Fuji Young Apple Trees on Dwarf Rootstock

SHI Yi, LIANG Bowen, HU Junfeng, DONG Yueqi, DU Peihua, LI Zhongyong, ZHANG Xueying, XU Jizhong

2020, 49(9): 112-119. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.014

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One-year-old sand-potted seedlings of Tianhong 2/Jizhen 2/Baleng Crabapple were used to study the effects of different nitrogen forms(ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) and nitrogen levels [5 mmol/L(control) and 0.625 mmol/L(low nitrogen concentration)] on the growth,nitrogen absorption and distribution in young apple seedlings,aiming to provide theoretical basis for reasonable application of nitrogen and improve nitrogen utilization.The results showed that the growth,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate were higher under the treatment with nitrate nitrogen,and the concentration,absorption,transportation and distribution of nitrogen in young apple trees treated with nitrate nitrogen were better than those treated with ammonium nitrogen at the same nitrogen level.Under the control concentration,nitrate nitrogen treatment effectively promoted the growth of lateral shoot,central stem elonga ted shoot,stem diameter,biomass and nitrogen absorption and distribution,and improved chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of leaves.Compared with ammonium nitrogen treatment,whole plant nitrogen absorption and nitrogen distribution increased by 63.70% and 43.95% respectively under nitrate nitrogen treatment.Except the growth of central stem elongated shoot,nitrate nitrogen treatment showed better performance at low nitrogen concentration. Compared with ammonium nitrogen,whole plant nitrogen absorption and nitrogen distribution increased by 34.35% and 21.69% respectively under nitrate nitrogen treatment.Different forms of nitrogen affected the growth through affecting the absorption,transportation and distribution of nitrogen,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate,and in which the effect of nitrate control treatment was the most significant.The young red Fuji apple trees on Jizhen 2 interstock of nitrate control treatment could effectively improve the nitrogen absorption and distribution rate of central stem,which created favorable conditions for the construction of new organs.

Studies on Morphological Characteristics and Anatomical Structure of Bent Peduncle Phenomenon in Rosa hybrida

SHI Liyun, WANG Zheng, HE Songlin, LI Lingda, WANG Shengnan, SUN Chang, YANG Bo

2020, 49(9): 120-128. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.015

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Morphological characteristics,anatomical structure,and occurrence rate of bent peduncle phenomenon(BBP)were investigated in Rosa hybrida ‘Corolla’ in greenhouse.The results showed that high temperature caused a significant increase of BBP rate. The number of petals of BBP stems decreased and the flower size was smaller than those of normal stems.Moreover, the ovary also became flat.The phylloid structure appeared in No.1 sepal of BBP plant and the sepal area was enlarged,and the hairy structure of the lower epidermis disappeared and was replaced by dense stomata,and a fall of varying heights of growth positions occurred.The other four sepals were dislocated counterclockwise.The original growth position of No.1 sepal was replaced by sepalody,the structure of the epithelial cells of the sepalody changed,and the same hairy tissue as the sepal appeared in the epidermis.The vascular bundle,phloem and sclerenchyma cells of BBP peduncle changed significantly,and the peduncle bended toward to No.1 sepal.

Comparison on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Four Species of Primulina under Drought Stress

SHI Yingying, HE Dong, YAO Xiaoyan, LUO Le, ZHANG Qixiang

2020, 49(9): 129-135. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.016

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Based on potted natural drought method,the study discussed the response mechanisms of plant chlorophyll fluorescence parameters on drought stress with P.pungentisepala,P.yungfuensis,P.‘Flying Wings’and P.‘Venus’ as materials.The results showed that with the extension of drought time,the minimal fluorescence(Fo) of P.pungentisepala was decreased significantly on 30 d after drought stress,while those of the other three kinds varied insignificantly.The maximal fluorescence(Fm) of P.pungentisepal,P.‘Flying Wings’ and P.‘Venus’ were not obvious compared with 0 d,and that of P.yungfuensis was significantly lower than 0 d on 45 d after drought stress.The maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)basically showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,P.pungentisepala increased significantly on 30 d after drought stress,and P.‘Flying Wings’ increased significantly on 15 d after drought stress,P.‘Venus’ significantly decreased on 45 d after drought stress.The electron transport rate(ETR) mainly decreased first,then increased,and then decreased again,P.yungfuensis,P.‘Flying Wings’and P.‘Venus’all decreased significantly on 15 d and 45 d after drought stress,and yet P.pungentisepala decreased significantly on 15 d and 30 d after drought stress.The non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing or a trend of first increasing and then decreasing and yet rising,P.pungentisepala rose signifiantly on 15 d and 30 d after drought stress,yet decreased on 45 d after drought stress,P.yungfuensis significantly increased in different drought periods,P.‘Flying Wings’ and P.‘Venus’ significantly increased on 15 d and 45 d after drought stress.The photochemical quenching(qP) changes of P.pungentisepala and P.yungfuensis were not significant in different drought periods,whereas P.‘Flying Wings’ and P.‘Venus’ first decreased,then increased and then decreased.

Prokaryotic Expression of VP2 Protein of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Its Immunization Evaluation

LI Tiantian, JIANG Dawei, JI Pengchao, WANG Yinling, ZHANG Gaiping

2020, 49(9): 136-142. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.017

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In order to improve the purity of infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV) VP2 protein,this study expressed VP2 protein in Escherichia coli,optimized purification methods and estimated its immunogenicity.VP2 protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.The titer of VP2 protein was evaluated by the agar gel immunodiffusion test(AGP). To determine the optimal purification conditions,the target protein was purified by saturated ammonium sulfate solution and ion exchange chromatography,and various steps in proteins purification were optimized to determine the optimal purification conditions including the purified packing,eluent concentration and pH value of the buffer.Then,SPF chickens were immunized with the purified VP2 protein,and the immunogenicity of VP2 protein was determined with ELISA by detecting the periodically collected blood.The results showed that VP2 protein was 50 ku and had good reactogenicity by SDS-PAGE and Western blot,and the titer of VP2 protein determined by AGP was 1∶16.Using a strong anion column to optimize the salt ion concentration and pH value,a higher purity VP2 protein could be obtained with concentration of 0.6 mg/mL.Twenty-eight days after immunized with purified VP2 protein and commercial adjuvant,the titer of specific antibodies was the highest,and the protection rate could reach 80%.No obvious histopathological damage was found in the bursal.Above all,VP2 protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli,and the purification method was optimized.The purified VP2 protein had high purity and good immunogenicity.

Effects of Different Creep Diet on Expression of Immune Related Genes in Intestinal Mucosa of Weaned Piglets

FENG Baobao, ZHAO Ying, MA Xiaoyu, NING Lili, ZHAO Guoqi, HUO Yongjiu

2020, 49(9): 143-152. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.018

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In order to reveal the effect of different creep diet on the expression of immune related genes in intestinal mucosa of weaned piglets,ninety 21 day-old(Duroc×Landrace ×Yorkshire) weaned piglets with similar body weight[(6.85±0.25) kg] were randomly divided into three groups.The control group(CON) was fed with basal creep diet;high-quality protein source group(HP):the soybean meal in the basic diet were replaced by fermented and enzymolysis soybean meal,yeast extract and wheat hydrolyzed protein powder;high-quality protein source+intestinal protection package group(HPP):high-quality protein source and intestinal protective package in the basic diet(intestinal protective package mainly consists of compound acidifier,plant essential oil and compound probiotics).The experimental period was 14 d.The expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,TGF-β and IL-10 genes in duodenum,jejunum,ileum and colon,and the expression levels of Occludin,Claudin-1 and ZO-1 genes in ileum and colon were analyzed by qRT-PCR.The results showed that,compared with CON group,weaning for 3 days,the HPP group significantly increased the expression levels of IL-1β gene in duodenum and IL-1β,Occludin,Claudin-1,ZO-1 genes in ileum. Weaning for 7 days,the HP group and HPP group significantly increased the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-10 genes in jejunum and ileum(P<0.05),and Occludin,Claudin-1,ZO-1 genes in ileum(P<0.05).Weaning for 14 days,HPP group significantly increased the expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,TGF-β,IL-10 genes in jejunum and TGF-β genes in ileum(P<0.05).In conclusion,weaned piglets fed with new creep diet can increase the expression levels of intestinal mucosal immune factors,tight junction proteins related genes in the ileum and colonic mucosa during early weaning piglets,and reduce weaning stress damage to the intestine.

Identification and Analysis of Immunogenic Genes of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae HNMhy1 Strain

XU Yindi, ZHANG Qingxian, WANG Zhifang, JIAO Wenqiang, LI Haili, ZHU Wenhao, WANG Keling

2020, 49(9): 153-158. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.019

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In order to further study the pathogenic mechanism of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae(Mhp),the genetic variation and molecular epidemiology of Mhp were studied,so as to prevent and control Mhp.The main immunogenic genes P36,P46,P97,P65,P110 of the isolated Henan strain HNMhy1 of Mhp were amplified,sequenced and compared to existing sequences in GenBank.The sequences homology with the published Mhp strains were above 98%.Some strains had homology as high as 100%.The nucleotide sequence of P36 gene of HNMhy1 strain was compared with the gene sequence of other strains in GenBank,and the homology was above 98%. Phylogenetic tree displayed that the evolutionary relationship between the isolate HNMhy1 and Hunan strain HN13 was closet.The above results showed that these main immunogenic genes were highly conserved and had no much change in genetic evolution.

Analysis of Relationship between Morphological Traits and Body Weight of Guangxi Rice Flower Carp

ZHOU Kangqi, PAN Xianhui, LIN Yong, DU Xuesong, HUANG Yin, PAN Zhizhong, WEN Luting, QIN Junqi, ZHANG Fen, CHEN Zhong

2020, 49(9): 159-165. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.020

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In order to explore the relationship between the shape and weight of Guangxi rice flower carp,133 tails of Quanzhou rice flower carp(QZ) and Rongshui rice flower carp(RS) both were randomly selected.Ten morphometric traits were measured including body mass,standard length,total length,body width,body height,head length,snout length,eye spacing,caudal peduncle depth and caudal peduncle length.Correlation analysis,path analysis and multiple regression analysis were used,and with body mass as the dependent variable,morphological trait as the independent variable,path coefficient,correlation coefficient,correlation index and determination coefficient were calculated.The results showed that the path coefficient and correlation coefficient of the body mass with the four morphological traits(standard length,total length,body height and head length) of Rongshui rice flower carp and the three morphological traits(total length,body width and body height) of Quanzhou rice flower carp,and reached the extremely significant level (P<0.01).And the complex correlation coefficient R2 value of the selected morphological traits and body mass was greater than 0.85,which indicated that the selected morphological traits were the main traits affecting body mass.With the body mass(Y) as dependent variable,the total length(X₁),body length(X₂),body height(X₃),body width(X₄),and head length(X6 ) as independent variables,stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to establish regression equation:(QZ) lgY=-0.990+1.735lgX₁+0.432lgX₄+0.790lgX₃;(RS) lgY=-0.774+1.022lgX₁+0.438lgX₃+0.574lgX₂+0.689lgX6.In summary,in the breeding process of Quanzhou rice flower carp,the total length,body height and body width can be used as important measurement indicators,while in the breeding process of Rongshui rice flower carp,the total length,body length,boby height and head length are important indicators.

Stem and Leaf Segmentation of Maize Plant Image Based on Skeleton Extraction and Binary Tree Analysis

ZHANG Weizheng, LI Xuguang, WAN Hanwen, LI Canlin, ZHANG Weiwei, JIN Baohua, LIU Yan

2020, 49(9): 166-172. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.021

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Segmentation of stems and leaves of corn plant images could provide parameters and basis for subsequent studies such as phenotypic analysis and plant response to environmental stress.Maize plant images were selected from the plant phenotypic dataset of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln,and the maize plants image were tailored and binarized automatically.The skeleton model of the plant was established by the skeleton refinement algorithm,and the threshold was set to remove the burrs in the skeleton;then the end points and branch points on the skeleton were detected,the skeleton model was analyzed by the binary tree,and the nodes at each level and the individual leaves were finally established,thereby realized the segmentation of the stems and leaves.The results showed that the established stem and leaf segmentation algorithm of maize plants has the advantages of fast processing speed and easy understanding,and provides support for the phenotypic analysis and breeding of plants such as maize.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Effective Rainfall and Water Requirement of Summer Maize Growth Period in Henan Province

ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Hui, CHEN Dandan, LI Guoling, ZHANG Jiantao, ZANG Hecang, ZHAO Qing, HU Feng, LI Guoqiang, ZHENG Guoqing

2020, 49(9): 173-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.09.022

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Based on the meteorological data from 15 stations of summer maize producing areas in Henan Province during 1961 and 2015,the water requirement and effective rainfall in the whole growth period of summer maize were calculated,thus,the irrigation water requirement was obtained.The interannual variation and spatial distribution characteristics of summer maize rainfall,effective rainfall,water requirement and irrigation water requirement were analyzed by linear propensity estimation and spatial interpolation method in Henan Province.The results showed that in terms of time distribution,the rainfall and effective rainfall in summer maize growth period had no obvious change,while the water requirement and irrigation water requirement showed significant downward trend from 1961 to 2015.In terms of spatial distribution,the average annual rainfall in summer maize growth period decreased from southeast to northwest,and the average annual effective rainfall decreased from southwest to northeast in Henan Province;the average annual water requirement of western Henan was higher than that of other regions,while the average annual irrigation water requirement of northern Henan was obviously higher than that of other regions.

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