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    2020, 49(5):  0. 
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    Reviews
    Host Location and Its Influence Factors of the Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholitha molesta Busck(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae)
    HU Xian, LI Li
    2020, 49(5):  1-14.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.001
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    The oriental fruit moth ( OFM), Grapholitha molesta Busck, is a worldwide fruit pest of Tortricidae,Lepidoptera.It prefers to infect various fruit trees of Rosaceae and causes serious economic losses.Like other phytophagous insects,pinpoint host-location is closely related to feeding, courtship,mating and offspring survival of OFM,even related to reproduction of the whole population.In the paper,based on the interaction between OFM and host-plant(Rosaceae),research status of host location behavior of OFM is reviewed.Through analyzing the effects of chemical,physical and physiological factors on the behavior strategy,the application prospect of behavior regulation technology is explored for improving prevention and control of OFM in different host plants.
    Crop Cultivation & Genetic Breeding
    Exploration and Application of EST-SSR Markers in Guizimai No.1 Transcriptome
    YANG Shuai, YANG Xicui, HE Fang, LI Luhua, LI Zhenhua, REN Mingjian, XU Ruhong
    2020, 49(5):  15-30.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.002
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    In order to develop new wheat molecular markers,EST-SSR markers were developed based on the results of transcriptome sequencing of Guizimai No.1.The chromosome location,polymorphism of developed markers were studied.The results showed that 8 749 EST sequences containing SSR loci were obtained from 119 572 total unigenes sequences,accounting for 7.3%,with an average of 1 SSR per 8.04 kb.The distribution characteristic of SSR types in EST sequences was that the trinucleotide repeat was the most,and pentanucleotide and hexanucleotide repeats were less;A/T repeat was the most in the single nucleotide repeats,AG/CT repeat was the most in the dinucleotide repeats,and CCG/CGG repeat was the most in trinucleotide repeats. Primers were successfully designed for 5 503 EST sequences containing SSR loci,accounting for 62. 9% of the total EST sequences; 341 effective EST-SSR primer pairs were screened;341 EST-SSR primer pairs were located using 16 Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasome system materials,and 153 EST-SSR primer pairs were located in 201 loci,involving 16 chromosomes except 3A,5A,3B,4B and 1D,of which primer pairs were the most on 5B chromosome,up to 23 primer pairs; 53 polymorphic EST-SSR primer pairs were screened out, and genetic diversity analysis of 52 wheat germplasms showed that 18 EST-SSR primer pairs could distinguish 52 wheat germplasms one by one.
    Effect of Shading at Filling Stage on Yield of Different Wheat Varieties
    LI Liulong, LI Xiu, WANG Xiaoyan
    2020, 49(5):  31-39.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.003
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    In order to cope with continuous rain during the growth period of wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,48 wheat varieties from Hubei,Anhui,Jiangsu,Henan and other regions were selected as test materials,the shading test was performed using a shading net at filling stage,and the differences in biomass,yield and its components were studied between shading treatment and control treatment without shading, finally the major low light tolerant wheat varieties were screened.The results showed that the biomass,yield,thousand-grain weight,grain number per spike of all wheat varieties of the shading treatment decreased,the decrease ranges were different among different varieties,and the decrease range of yield was higher than those of biomass,thousand-grain weight,grain number per spike.The percentage of dry straw weight of shading treatment increased. Thousand-grain weight and grain number per spike were significantly positively related with yield,thousand-grain weight,grain number per spike and yield were significantly affected by variety and shading,and the decreases of thousand-grain weight and grain number per spike were the main factors for decrease of yield caused by shading.The decrease range of biomass and thousand-grain weight and increase range of percentage of dry straw weight were significantly positively related with decrease range of yield.The wheat varieties were divided into three types by the cluster analysis,including low light tolerant type,low light sensitive type and middle type.Low light tolerant varieties included Xiangmai 56,Xiangmai D31,Nannong 0686,Xiangmai 55,Wanximai 0638,Zhengmai 9023,Yangmai 22,Zhengmai 7698,Wanke 06290,Luomai 6010,Jingmai 102,Fumai No.8,Nongda 195,Yangmai 158 and Fumai No.9,which could be used as main low light adaptive varieties.

    Identification of Chromosome Segment Substitution Line Z745 of Rice and QTL Mapping of Panicle Traits
    ZHANG Zhihai, ZHAO Fangming, LUO Hongfa, ZHAO Fusheng, PAN Qingjie, YANG Xudong, ZHA Renming
    2020, 49(5):  40-47.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.004
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    Chromosome segment identification of rice chromosome segment substitution line Z745 was conducted, and QTL mapping of panicle traits of secondary F2 population which was constructed by crossing with Nipponbare as the background parent and Z745 as the donor parent was studied,so as to find new QTL for panicle traits.The results showed that Z745 contained 17 substitution fragments,which were distributed on chromosomes 1,3—8,10 and 12.The replacement length was 26.1 Mb,and the average replacement length was 1.54 Mb.The panicle length,primary branch number,secondary branch number and grain number per panicle of Z745 were all significantly higher than those of Nipponbare.Twenty one QTLs of panicle traits were identified,which were distributed on nine substitutional segments,located on chromosomes 1,3—5,7—8,10 and 12.Among them,4 QTLs for panicle length were on chromosomes 1,4 and 7;4 QTLs for primary branch number were on chromosomes 1,5,7 and 8;6 QTLs for secondary branch number were on chromosomes 1,7,10 and 12;7 QTLs for grain number per panicle were on chromosomes1,3,7,8 and 10 respectively.The panicle length QTLs(qPL7-1,qPL7-2),secondary branch number QTL(qNSB7-1)and grain number per panicle QTL(qSPP1-1) located in this study had been reported,while the remaining ear trait QTLs had not been reported yet.

    Effects of Sowing Date and Variety on Utilization Efficiencies of Light,Temperature and Water under Rice-Shrimp System
    FENG Xiangzhao, TIAN Yucong, GAO Zhenzhen, WANG Haowen, LIU Zhangyong, ZHU Bo
    2020, 49(5):  48-54.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.005
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    The effects of different sowing dates[regular sowing date: June 15 (CK);early sowing date:May 20 (M1);postponed sowing date:July 10 (M2)]and different rice varieties on utilization efficiencies of light,temperature and water under rice-shrimp system were studied,so as to provide a theoretical basis for efficient use of resource of rice-shrimp system.The results showed that the rice yield decreased gradually with the delay of sowing date,which was 7.4—13.0 t/ha,and there were significant differences among the three sowing dates and the different rice varieties; production efficiencies of light energy and temperature decreased with the delay of sowing date;economic benefit increased with the delay of sowing date.Compared with M2 treatment,M1 treatment increased the production efficiencies of light energy and temperature,water use efficiency by 26.7%,18.2% and 18.8%,respectively.The economic benefit of M2 treatment was the highest,which increased by 41.5% and 10.7% compared with M1 treatment and CK,respectively. Yongyou 4949,Shengtaiyou 018 and Zhongjiazao 17 all had higher yields,production efficiencies of temperature and light energy,water use efficiencies and economic benefits than the other rice varieties under the same sowing date.To sum up,M2 treatment with rice varieties of short growth period had the lowest utilization efficiencies of light,temperature and water,but the highest economic benefit,indicating that the rice-shrimp system could appropriately delay the shrimp harvesting time to early July,at the same time,rice varieties with higher yield and more efficient utilization of resources should be selected under the premise of ensuring economic benefit.

    Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Yield and Nitrogen  Uptake and Utilization of Summer Maize with Different Planting Densities
    ZHANG Meiwei, LIU Jingbao, QIAO Jiangfang, LI Chuan, HUANG Lu, ZHANG Panpan, ZHAO Xia, LI Ping
    2020, 49(5):  55-62.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.006
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    In order to explore the reasonable population construction of summer maize with reduction of N fertilizer,the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization of summer maize with different planting density in Linying County of Luohe City and Suiping County of Zhumadian City were analyzed.A summer maize cultivar Zhengdan 1002 was taken as the material,which was one of the leading cultivars in Huanghuaihai plain.The results indicated that dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen transport and utilization of summer maize were significantly influenced by planting density and nitrogen fertilizer application.Close planting density was beneficial to increase dry matter accumulation at silking and maturation stages,promoted nitrogen accumulation,and increased nitrogen transport and utilization.However,it adversely affected nitrogen translocation efficiency and nitrogen translocation contribution proportion of summer maize.Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation both in silking and maturation stages increased significantly with nitrogen fertilizer increased, as well as nitrogen transport.However, nitrogen uptake and use efficiency decreased with nitrogen fertilizer increased.The yield was significantly increased by 5.18%—14.15% under close planting density.The nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP) was significantly increased by 6.65%—17.33% under close planting density.The more fertilizer application increased yield,while it decreased NPFP.By comprehensive consideration, at the planting density of 67 500 plants/ha, summer maize obtained higher yield with improved NPFP at the nitrogen fertilizer application of 180 kg/ha in Suiping and Linying.However,under the planting density of 75 000 plants/ha,the nitrogen fertilizer should be in range of 180—225 kg/ha according to the basic soil fertility,in order to obtain higher yield of summer maize.

    Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of Capsule Indehiscent Gene SiIND1 from Sesame
    LIU Yanyang, WU Ke, MEI Hongxian, DU Zhenwei, CUI Chengqi, JIANG Xiaolin, ZHENG Yongzhan
    2020, 49(5):  63-68.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.007
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    LOC105167765 belongs to KANADI (KAN) gene family,which is related with sesame capsule indehiscence.In this study,the capsule dehiscent variety Yuzhi No.11 and capsule indehiscent variety Zhengzhi InD01 were selected as experiment materials, and the SiIND1 full-length cDNAs of LOC105167765 were amplified. Bioinformatics analysis and prokaryotic expression were conducted.The results showed that the whole cDNA sequence of SiIND1 in Yuzhi No.11 was 1 320 bp and encoded 439 amino acids.The putative protein of the gene had an isoelectric point of 7.53 and a calculated molecular weight of 50.0 ku.Sequence analysis showed that the protein of SiIND1 in Yuzhi No.11 contained a SHAQKYF class MYB-like DNA binding domain similar to Arabidopsis KAN family members and shared a highly conserved GARP domain.The whole cDNA sequence of SiIND1 in Zhengzhi InD01 was 1 246 bp,which contained an ORF of 900 bp and encoded 299 amino acids.The putative protein of the gene had an isoelectric point of 8.37 and a calculated molecular weight of 32.9 ku.Compared to Yuzhi No.11,the SiIND1 gene in Zhengzhi InD01 had a deletion and generated a premature stop codon in GARP domain,which might lead to loss function of this gene.The SiIND1 gene was connected to the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 to induce expression.After the detection of SDS-PAGE,bands of target protein were identified.It was further confirmed that there was a difference in SiIND1 protein expression size between the capsule dehiscent variety and indehiscent variety,and there was a premature termination of translation in capsule indehiscent variety.

    Differential Analysis of Nutritional and Quality Components of Black and White Sesame
    JIA Bin, WANG Yun, YIN Haiyan, SHANG Bing, PAN Xianglei, WANG Huifeng, LI Shufang, LIU Dongmei, WEI Hong, FENG Shuhui, LIU Jihong
    2020, 49(5):  69-74.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.008
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    To compare nutritional composition and quality difference between black and white sesame,317 local sesame resources in China were collected.The contents of oil,protein,fatty acids,amino acids,sesamin and sesamolin of sesame were determined and the correlations among the different component contents of these varieties were preliminarily analyzed.The results showed that the contents of fatty acids and amino acids of different sesame varied widely.The contents of oil,protein,sesamin and sesamolin in black and white sesame seeds were significantly different.Sesamin and sesamolin contents in white sesame variety were significantly higher than those in black sesame variety,and the correlation between sesamin content and sesamolin content in black variety was significantly higher than that in white variety.Arginine and glutamic acid were dominant in both colors of sesame and the content of isoleucine, leucine,phenylalanine and lysine in black sesame was significantly higher than that in white sesame.Oil content in sesame was significantly positively correlated with sesamin content and significantly negatively correlated with arachidic acid content in both colors of sesame.As the main saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid content was significantly positively correlated with oleic acid and arachidic acid contents,and significantly negatively correlated with linoleic acid content in sesame.There were great differences of sesame quality in different color varieties.The oil content of sesame seeds is significantly positively correlated with sesamin content,so simultaneous improvement of sesame variety with high oil and sesamin contents can be realized to promote the cultivation of new sesame variety with high oil and sesamin contents.

    Agricultural Resources and Environment
    An Improved Extraction Method of Microbial DNA from Dryland Soil
    HU Xian, PENG Tao, WANG Dou, HOU Haijun, QIN Hongling, CHEN Xiangbi, CHEN Chunlan
    2020, 49(5):  75-80.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.009
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    In order to explore a rapid, simple, economical and efficient DNA extraction method of microorganisms in dryland soil,based on the extraction method of DNA from paddy soil by Qin et al,an improved experiment was carried out:(1)placing 0.3 g dry soil in 300 μL aseptic water for overnight at -80℃ ;(2)determining ratio of CTAB to SDS with the total volume of 500 μL,and exploring the effect of adding glass bead or not,finally the microbial DNA extraction effect of modified method was studied compared with the reagent box method.The results showed that when placing 0.3 g dry soil in 300 μL aseptic water for overnight at -80℃ ,and adjusting the volume ratio of CTAB to SDS to be 100∶400,the highest content of microbial DNA extracted from red soil in dryland by the improved method was 6.29 μg/g,which was lower than the reagent box method(7.46 μg/g),the purity was better than the reagent box method,and the PCR amplification effect was good.Compared with the reagent box method,the improved method was more economical and efficient.Therefore,the modified method was suitable for the extraction of microbial DNA from red soil in dryland.
    Effect of Winter Green Manure Overturning on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Content
    TAN Ying’ai, ZHAO Qiu, TIAN Xiuping, ZHOU Liping, NING Xiaoguang, ZHANG Xinjian, YUE Lu
    2020, 49(5):  81-87.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.010
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    To provide theoretical basis for improving the ecological problems of winter idle fields and the rational use of green manure resources in North China,Oryehophragmus violaeeus,Vicia villosa Roth,and Rerennial ryegrass,three types of winter green manure were selected,and winter leisure was used as a control,and a nine-year continuous positioning test was performed. Plant and soil samples were collected before and after turning over winter green manure to measure plant biomass,nutrient content,soil organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon,soil total nitrogen,soil nitrate nitrogen,soil ammonium nitrogen and so
    on.The test results showed that the biomasses of Oryehophragmus violaeeus and Rerennial ryegrass were significantly higher than that of Vicia villosa Roth,which were 48.17% and 40.85% higher,respectively.Oryehophragmus violaeeus and Vicia villosa Roth had higher phosphorus and potassium content than Rerennial ryegrass.The soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon contents of the three types of green manure treatments were significantly higher than those of winter idle fields.The best treatment of soil organic carbon content was Vicia villosa Roth treatment,which was 13.97 g/kg,and the best treatment of soil microbial biomass carbon content was Oryehophragmus violaeeus treatment,which was 164.13 μg/g.Compared with winter idle fields,the three kinds of green manure overturning all increased the soil nitrogen content.The total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,and microbial biomass nitrogen contents of the leguminous green manure Vicia villosa Roth treatment were the best,which were 26.50%,150.97%,52.92%,and 83.32% higher than those in winter idle fields,respectively.The results of this experiment showed that planting green manure could not only make full use of large areas of winter leisure fields,increase soil winter coverage,but also improve soil organic carbon and nitrogen content,and improve the ecological environment.

    Optimization of Soil Properties of Newly Reclaimed Alkali Paddy Fields by Combination of Amendment and Organic Material
    YANG Xiangbo
    2020, 49(5):  88-96.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.011
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    Combination of rice planting,improvement and fertilization was explored to optimize the soil properties of the newly reclaimed alkali paddy fields,and better exert good ecological benefits.The field experiment method was adopted and the self-made acrylic tube was placed in the paddy field.The same amount of fertilizer and different ratios of abandoned chaff material (0,4.0,8.0,and 12.0 t/ha) and Al2(SO4)3amendment (0,1.0,2.0,and 3.0 t/ha) were applied in the acrylic tubes,and 16 treatments were set.The available N, P, K contents, soil organic C(SOC) content, cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and exchangeable Ca2+and Mg2+contents were analyzed dynamically in rice seedling,booting and maturity stages respectively to reveal the best ratio between abandoned chaff and Al2(SO4)3to optimize the soil properties of newly reclaimed alkali paddy fields.The results showed that,after a rice growing season,the application of 3.0 t/ha Al2(SO4)3combined with 12.0 t/ha abandoned chaff could reduce the available N and P contents in the newly reclaimed alkali paddy field by 46.1% and 32.1%,respectively,on the contrary,increase the CEC,available K and SOC contents;When 0 or 1.0 t/ha of Al2(SO4)3was applied,the application of abandoned chaff could promote the mineralization decomposition of SOC,while the dosage was increased to 2.0 or 3.0 t/ha,the SOC content accumulated;The application of Al2(SO4)3combined with abandoned chaff could ease the decline in the CEC,and even increase the CEC by regulating their appropriate ratios(3.0 t/ha Al2(SO4)3 and 4.0,8.0 or 12.0 t/ha abandoned chaff,among which the application of 3.0 t/ha Al2(SO4)3 combined with 12.0 t/ha abandoned chaff could increase CEC by 72.6%; larger amount of Al2(SO4)3was not conducive to the decrease of ESP and the increase of exchangeable Ca2+content,but without Al2(SO4)3,the only existence of abandoned chaff was more beneficial to the reduction of ESP;After a rice-growing season,exchangeable Ca2+and Mg2+contents were both increased after the application of Al2(SO4)3and abandoned chaff.Combination of 3.0 t/ha Al2(SO4)3and 12.0 t/ha abandoned chaff was more advantageous to the coordination of fertility maintenance and supply in newly reclaimed alkali paddy fields.Considering the benefit of reducing ESP for rice production,the amount of Al2(SO4)3 could be appropriately reduced.

    Effects of Combined Pollution of Cd,Zn,Pb and Cu on Growth and Absorption Enrichment Responses of Saccharum arundinaceum Retz.
    WANG Tianshun, CHEN Wei, JIANG Wenyan, YANG Yuxia, DUAN Weixing, WANG Haijun, LI Xiaoyu, LIAO Jie, MO Leixing
    2020, 49(5):  97-103.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.012
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    To provide theoretical basis for the remediation application of Saccharum arundinaceum Retz.in heavy metal combined polluted soil,a pot experiment with cultivated Saccharum arundinaceum Retz.was conducted, and the growth responses, heavy metal accumulation and transfer characteristics of Saccharum arundinaceum Retz.under combined pollution of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu were observed.With the increasing of soil combined pollution of Cd,Zn,Pb,Cu,the fresh weight in the upper part of Saccharum arundinaceum Retz.gradually decreased,and the maximum decrease rate was 26.71%.The content of Cd,Zn,Pb,Cu in roots,stems and leaves of Saccharum arundinaceum Retz. was obviously increased,the maximum contents of Cd,Zn,Pb,Cu in root were 104.4,2 486.0,379.7,1 457.3 mg/kg,respectively,the maximum contents of Cd,Zn,Pb and Cu in stem were 32.3,1 461.7,77.6,25.3 mg/kg,respectively,and the maximum contents of Cd,Zn,Pb,Cu in leaf were 13. 6,488. 5,21. 7,43. 5 mg/kg,respectively.Except the control,the concentration factors of Cd,Zn,Pb,Cu in stems at the same treatment level were shown as Zn>Cd>Pb>Cu,and Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb in leaves.With the increasing of soil combined pollution of Cd,Zn, Pb, Cu, the translocation factor of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu in stems gradually decreased, while the translocation factor of Cd and Zn in leaves gradually increased,and the translocation factor of Pb and Cu in leaves increased firstly and then decreased.Overall,Saccharum arundinaceum Retz.has a good ability to absorb and accumulate Cd and Zn,and can be used as a repair plant for Cd and Zn contaminated soil.

    Plant Protection
    Storage Compatibility of Metarhizium rileyi Strain Nr0815 Conidium in Chemical Pesticides
    DU Guangzu, ZHANG Xiaojiao, LUO Yan, CHEN Bin, ZHANG Limin
    2020, 49(5):  104-110.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.013
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    In order to clarify the storage compatibility of conidia of Metarhizium rileyi strain Nr0815 in common chemical pesticides,the conidia germination,mycelia growth and sporulation quantity of M.rileyi strain Nr0815 affected by 2 species of herbicides (68% glyphosate ammonium soluble granule,200 g/L paraquat water agent),3 species of bactericides (75% chlorothalonil wettable powder,80% carbendazim wettable powder,65% dansen zinc wettable powder) and 2 species of insecticides(24% methomyl solution,20% fenpropathrin emulsifiable concentrate) were studied through indoor observation.The results showed that 7 species of chemical pesticides had certain inhibition effects on conidia germination,mycelia growth and sporulation quantity of M.rileyi strain Nr0815,and the order of inhibition from large to small was bactericide,insecticide and herbicide.Among them,effect on the conidia germination,mycelia growth inhinbition rate and conidia production quantity by 68% glyphosate ammonium soluble granule at 72 hwas the least.It was respectively(22. 00±3. 40)%,(72. 79±2. 49)% and(4.93±0.44)×108 conidia permilliliter at the maximum recommended concentration(8 000 μg/mL).M.rileyi strain Nr0815 has good compatibility with 68% glyphosate ammonium soluble granule,80% carbendazim wettability powder and 20% fenpropathrin emulsifiable concentrate respectively in herbicides,bactericides and insecticides.

    Horticulture
    Induction and Evaluation of Autotetraploid Pomegranate
    PAN Hongbing, LUO Ling, FENG Juan, LI Guili, DU Bang, HUANG Yun
    2020, 49(5):  111-117.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.014
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    This research was conducted to induce pomegranate polyploidy by colchicine,identify ploidy,and evaluate the mutagenic material.During the experiment,seeds of the Zimei pomegranate were soaked in colchicine solution for different hours.The results indicated that the induction was the best when germinated pomegranate seeds were treated with 0.3% colchicine for 24 hours. With this treatment,the inducing rate of tetraploid reached 1.11%.The chromosome number of diploid was 2n=2x=16.The chromosome number of tetraploid was 2n=4x=32.The main characteristics(leaves,flowers and fruits) showed significant difference between the diploid and tetraploid plants.Compared to diploid,tetraploid had larger leaves,bigger stomata,larger flowers,higher chlorophyll content,thicker fruit peel and greater hundred grain weight,but lighter seed color and harder seeds.The periods of budding,flowering,maturing and leaves dropping of tetraploid were later than diploid.The tetraploid of Zimei pomegranate can be used or evaluated as a new material for breeding.
    Comparative Test on the Scale Cultivation of Different Varieties of Red Pear
    WANG Shangkun, HUANG Qian, LI Zhengli, WANG Zilin
    2020, 49(5):  118-125.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.015
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    In order to probe into the relevant conditions of the large-scale cultivation of different varieties of red pear,and to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the introduction and large-scale cultivation of red pear varieties in Shangshui County,Henan Province,comparative experiments were conducted on the phenological period,fruit economic characters,growth and fruiting habits and content of fruit contents of five main introduced varieties of Hongli(Hongxiangsu pear,Yuluxiang pear,Xinli No.7,Mantianhong pear and pink Xiangmi pear). The results showed that all the five main cultivars could complete the annual growth cycle in Zhoukou. Among them,Xinli No.7 belonged to early maturing variety,Hongxiangsu pear and Yuluxiang pear belonged to middle maturing variety,Mantianhong pear and pink Xiangmi pear belonged to late maturing variety. According to the fruit yield and nutritive value,the middle-late maturing variety was better than the early maturing variety. In large-scale cultivation of red pear,priority should be given to the development of late maturing varieties pink Xiangmi pear and Mantianhong pear,moderate development of middle maturing varieties Hongxiangsu pear and Yuluxiang pear,and appropriate development of early maturing variety Xinli No. 7.
    Seed Germination,Seedling Tolerance and Enrichment Effect of Cosmos bipinnata under Cadmium Stress
    LIU Hansheng, ZHAO Chunli, LIU Yue, GUO Weiqiang, WANG Lei
    2020, 49(5):  126-133.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.016
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    To provide a theoretical basis for soil phytoremediation by direct planting in cadmium-contaminated areas,through hydroponic test,WinRHIZO 2016 root measurement and analysis software,Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining,thiobarbituric acid method,guaiacol method,NBT photoreduction method,atomic absorption spectrophotometer method were used to study the effects of different mass concentrations of Cd(0,0.3,3.0,20.0,60.0,120.0,180.0,240.0 mg/L) on seed germination,seedling tolerance and enrichment of Cosmos bipinnata.The results showed that 0. 3 mg/L Cd stress could promote seed germination and seedling growth of Cosmos bipinnata but not significantly.The stress of 3.0 mg/L Cd had no significant inhibitory effect on the seed germination of Cosmos bipinnata, and significantly inhibited the growth of seedlings. 240.0 mg/L Cd stress completely inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of Cosmos bipinnata.The effect of Cd stress on the bud length inhibition index of Cosmos bipinnata seed lings was significant.The effect of Cd stress below 60.0 mg/L on the root length inhibition index of Cosmos bipinnata seedlings was significant.The resistance of Cosmos bipinnata to Cd was stem>root.Cosmos bipinnata seeds reached the limit mass concentration of germination under 254. 225 mg/L Cd stress.With the increase of Cd stress concentration,the soluble protein content of Cosmos bipinnata seedlings increased first and then decreased,the content of malondialdehyde decreased first,then increased and then decreased.Peroxidase activity decreased first,then increased and then decreased,superoxide dismutase activity decreased first,then increased and then decreased.The Cd uptake of Cosmos bipinnata seedlings increased with the increase of Cd stress concentration.When the Cosmos bipinnata seedlings were stressed by 180.0 mg/L Cd,the Cd content in the seedlings was 47.83 mg/kg.Cosmos bipinnata grew normally under Cd stress of 3.0 mg/L,and could withstand Cd stress of 180.0 mg/L,so the seeds had strong ability to resist Cd stress.

    Landscape Survey and Public Visual Aesthetic Evaluation of Green Wall Plants in Hangzhou City
    WANG Qiaoliang, WANG Shengjie, SHI Yan, CHE Kanchen, BAO Zhiyi
    2020, 49(5):  134-142.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.017
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    In order to understand the used plant types and public preferences of the green wall in Hangzhou urban area,and the key factors for the selection and configuration of green wall plants,through onthe-spot investigation,the mapping and analysis of 11 plant green walls in Hangzhou urban area were carried out.At the same time,the scenic beauty evaluation was used to analyze the correlation between beauty and landscape elements. The results showed that there were 39 species of common plants in the urban green wall of Hangzhou,including 23 families and 34 genera.Among them,the plants of Araceae were most widely used,and the green plants were the main ones,and the public beauty evaluation of the plant configuration was carried out,constructing a green wall plant landscape beauty evaluation model:SBE=-3.419+0.065X2 +0.094X3+0.105X4+0.063X7+0.746X9+0.039X10,which indicates that the life form(X2),growth status(X3),plant coverage(X4),leaf color(X7),leaf density(X9),and overall coordination(X10) are related factors that affect the public visual aesthetic preference of vertical greening plant landscapes.
    Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine
    Effect of Polymorphism of the First Exon of OC-116 Gene on Eggshell Quality of Changshun Blue-eggshell Chicken
    WU Lei, TAN Guanghui, LI Jiezhang, QIN Yuanyu, ZHANG Yiyu, TIAN Qin
    2020, 49(5):  143-148.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.018
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    In order to investigate the effect of polymorphism of the first exon of OC-116 gene on eggshell quality,Changshun Blue-eggshell chicken was used as materials and the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in the first exon region of OC-116 gene was detected by the direct sequencing of PCR products.General linear model was used to analyzed the genetic effects of polymorphic loci on shell quality of Changshun Blue-eggshell chicken. The results showed that two moderately polymorphic and fully linked SNPs were detected in exon 1 of the OC-116 gene,g.45667632 T>C and g.45667671 G>A,respectively,and three genotypes were generated.Chi-square(χ2) test found that the genotype distribution of the two SNPs did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P>0.05),and there were two haplotypes and three diplotypes in the two SNPs.The genotypes CC,AA and diplotype H2H2 were significantly higher in egg quality than genotypes TT,GG and diplotype H1H1 (P<0.05);the genotypes TT,GG and diplotype H1H1 were significantly higher in egg shape index than genotypes CT,AG and diplotype H1H2 (P<0.05);the genotypes CT,AG and diplotype H1H2 were significantly higher in eggshell strength than genotypes TT,GG and diplotype H1H1(P<0.05).Taken together,genotypes CC,AA and diplotype H2H2 are favorable genotypes and diplotype for improving eggshell quality,revealing that g. 45667632 T>C site and g.45667671 G>A site may serve as marker sites for shell trait selection.

    Study of the Relationship between PRSS23 Expression in Chicken Follicular Granulosa Cells and Progesterone Content in Follicular Fluid
    MENG Jinzhu, ZHAO Chenggang, LUO Bixiu, ZHAO Yuanyuan
    2020, 49(5):  149-153.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.019
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    To study the location of serine protease 23(PRSS23) and the relationship between its mRNA expression in granulosa cells and progesterone(P4 ) secretion in laying hens follicles,large white follicles(LWF) with diameter of 3—5 mm and small yellow follicles(SYF) with diameter of 6—8 mm were selected for tissue localization of PRSS23 by immunohistochemical technology. Small white follicles(SWF),LWF,SYF and large yellow follicles (LYF) were selected,follicular fluid was extracted with a 1 mL syringe,and P4 content in follicular fluid of follicles with different size was measured,respectively.Granulosa cells which were located on the intima of follicles were scraped and the expression of PRSS23 mRNA in granulosa cells of follicles with different size in laying hens was detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Results showed that PRSS23 was expressed in the layer of follicular granulosa cells,membrane cells and cumulus cells of laying hens,with the highest expression level in SYF granulosa cells layer.PRSS23 mRNA content in SYF was significantly higher than that in other follicles (P<0.05).The content
    of P4 in SYF follicular fluid was significantly higher than that in other follicular fluid(P<0.05).The above results indicate that PRSS23 may influence the selection of follicles through promoting the secretion of P4 by granulosa cells in SYF.
    Study on Expression and Cell Localization of atrogin-1 Protein in Monopterus albus
    WANG Yu, WANG Zhaoguang, LIU Zejun, XIA Zhongxi, FAN Yuding, ZHONG Qiwang
    2020, 49(5):  154-160.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.020
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    In order to further improve the culture efficiency and muscle quality of Monopterus albus,it is necessary to further explore the genes related to muscle development.In this study,three prokaryotic expression vectors of atrogin-1 were constructed:pCold-TF-atrogin-1,pET28a(+)-atrogin-1 and pGEX6P-1-atrogin-1,and the recombinant vectors were transferred into Transetta(DE3) competent cells. After induced expression of recombinant strains,only pCold-TF-atrogin-1/Transetta(DE3) strain expressed higher soluble recombinant protein.IPTG induction experiment showed that the concentration of inducing agent had little effect on protein solubility and content,and the best induction time was 20 h.The soluble fraction was purified by Ni-NTA column affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE(10% polyacrylamide) electrophoresis confirmed the recombinant protein.The eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-atrogin-1 was constructed and the 293T cells were transfected.The experimental results showed that the atrogin-1 fusion protein was expressed in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus,and the expression level was relatively higher in the nucleus.
    Effects of Feeding Fresh Forage Rape on Body Weight and Serum Parameters of Lactating Ewes and Their Lambs
    MAO Xin, LIU Guiqiong, JIANG Xunping, ZHOU Guangsheng, FU Tingdong, YIN Chunyun
    2020, 49(5):  161-167.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.021
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    In order to study the effects of feeding suckling ewes with fresh forage rape,weight gain and serum parameters in lactating ewes and lambs of Yiling goats were detected.The paired experimental design was adopted according to body weight,lambing time,lambing number,gender and the birth weight of lambs.Fourteen lactating ewes with twin lambs,six lactating ewes with single lamb,and their corresponding 34 lambs were randomly allocated into the experimental group and the control group.The ewes were free to access basic diet while the ewes in the experimental group were given additional 1 kg of fresh forage rape every day.The results showed that there was no difference in feed intake of basic diet between the two groups.The experiment group had 42.81% more litter weight gain than the control group(P<0.05),and its ewe weight gain was 2.75 times of the control group.All of the ewes and lambs of the experiment group survived during the whole experiment while the fractions of survival ewes and lambs of the control group were 90. 00% and 76.47%,respectively.At the end of the experiment,the total serum cholesterol was in normal range of goat,however,cholesterol content of the experimental ewes was higher than that of the control group,and the serum urea nitrogen content of lambs in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The economic benefit of the experimental group was 2.12 times of the control group.In conclusion,feeding lactating ewes with fresh forage rape can be beneficial to lambs weight gain and weight maintaining of ewes in goat.

    Thoughts on Selection and Breeding and Protective Countermeasures of Genetic Resources of Five Native Goat Breeds in Henan Province
    LI Jiaxiao, WANG Xianwei, LI Zhiming, ZHANG Zijing, LIU Xian, HE Hua, WANG Eryao, XU Zejun, RU Baorui, CHEN Hong, HUANG Yongzhen
    2020, 49(5):  168-172.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.022
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    Henan is located in the central plains,with mild climate conditions,and the livestock and poultry genetic resources are very rich.It is also a large province of husbandry.With the development of industrialization and urbanization,many families withdraw from the free range breeding market,and the number of local goat breeds in a large part is also sharply reduced. In addition,the local government fails to take proper measures to preserve goat breeds in time,leading to the risk of extinction of local goat breeds.In this paper,the genetic resources protection,breeding and improvement measures of five varieties of local goat,Huai goat,Funiu white goat,Yaoshan white goat,Taihang black goat and Henan milk goat were discussed.Some suggestions were put forward for the protection of local goat species in Henan province.
    Agricultural Information and Engineering and Agricultural Product Processing
    Appearance Quality Evaluation and Regional Characteristic Analysis of Biomass Energy Flue-Cured Tobacco in Yunan Province
    DONG Xiang’e, SUN Shubin, CHEN Yi, YU Xi, OUYANG Jin, ZHAO Gaokun, CHEN Junhong, ZOU Congming
    2020, 49(5):  173-180.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.023
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    In order to evaluate the feasibility of biomass energy curing and improve the evaluating system of the appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco,tobacco leaves samples from biomass energy curing areas in Yunnan were used as materials to construct an evaluation system for the appearance quality of biomass energy cured tobacco by utilizing expert consultation,descriptive statistics,variance analysis,cluster analysis and geo-statistical analysis,and the correlation of the indexes of the evaluation system of appearance quality and regional characteristics of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco with biomass energy in Yunnan were analyzed.The results indicated that there was a very significantly positive correlation among maturity,growth status,leaf structure,body,oil,chroma,chromatic homogeneity,smooth or green-yellow of the evaluation indexes of appearance quality of biomass energy flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan.Its maturity was closely related to other indexes,while leaf structure had little influence on other indexes.The scores of appearance quality of different grades of tobacco leaves were X2F<B2F<C3F,the difference was very significant,and the scores of appearance quality of different varieties of tobacco leaves were Yunyan 87<K326<Hongda.The high value of tobacco appearance quality index appeared in tobacco planting areas of the central Yunnan,and gradually decreased in the surrounding areas,with obvious spatial trend.The tobacco planting areas with high tobacco appearance quality index mainly concentrated in Chuxiong,Kunming and Yuxi.The quantitative evaluation system of appearance quality of biomass energy flue-cured tobacco is relatively reasonable,and it is feasible to evaluate comprehensively the appearance quality of biomass energy cured tobacco in Yunnan.