Abstract: Combination of rice planting,improvement and fertilization was explored to optimize the soil properties of the newly reclaimed alkali paddy fields,and better exert good ecological benefits.The field experiment method was adopted and the self-made acrylic tube was placed in the paddy field.The same amount of fertilizer and different ratios of abandoned chaff material (0,4.0,8.0,and 12.0 t/ha) and Al₂(SO₄)₃amendment (0,1.0,2.0,and 3.0 t/ha) were applied in the acrylic tubes,and 16 treatments were set.The available N, P, K contents, soil organic C(SOC) content, cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and exchangeable Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺contents were analyzed dynamically in rice seedling,booting and maturity stages respectively to reveal the best ratio between abandoned chaff and Al₂(SO₄)₃to optimize the soil properties of newly reclaimed alkali paddy fields.The results showed that,after a rice growing season,the application of 3.0 t/ha Al₂(SO₄)₃combined with 12.0 t/ha abandoned chaff could reduce the available N and P contents in the newly reclaimed alkali paddy field by 46.1% and 32.1%,respectively,on the contrary,increase the CEC,available K and SOC contents;When 0 or 1.0 t/ha of Al₂(SO₄)₃was applied,the application of abandoned chaff could promote the mineralization decomposition of SOC,while the dosage was increased to 2.0 or 3.0 t/ha,the SOC content accumulated;The application of Al₂(SO₄)₃combined with abandoned chaff could ease the decline in the CEC,and even increase the CEC by regulating their appropriate ratios(3.0 t/ha Al₂(SO₄)₃ and 4.0,8.0 or 12.0 t/ha abandoned chaff,among which the application of 3.0 t/ha Al₂(SO₄)₃ combined with 12.0 t/ha abandoned chaff could increase CEC by 72.6%; larger amount of Al₂(SO₄)₃was not conducive to the decrease of ESP and the increase of exchangeable Ca²⁺content,but without Al₂(SO₄)₃,the only existence of abandoned chaff was more beneficial to the reduction of ESP;After a rice-growing season,exchangeable Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺contents were both increased after the application of Al₂(SO₄)₃and abandoned chaff.Combination of 3.0 t/ha Al₂(SO₄)₃and 12.0 t/ha abandoned chaff was more advantageous to the coordination of fertility maintenance and supply in newly reclaimed alkali paddy fields.Considering the benefit of reducing ESP for rice production,the amount of Al₂(SO₄)₃ could be appropriately reduced.

Key words: Newly reclaimed alkali land, Rice field, Saline-alkali soil improvement, Abandoned chaff, Aluminum sulfate, Cation exchange capacity, Degree of alkalisation

摘要： 为探索种稻、改良与培肥相结合的方式对新开碱地土壤性状的优化作用，更好发挥良好的生态效益，采用田间试验法，将自制的亚克力管套作在水田中，在其中施用等量化肥以及不同配比的菌糠物料（0、4.0、8.0、12.0 t/hm²）与Al₂(SO₄)₃改良剂（0、1.0、2.0、3.0 t/hm²），设置16个处理，在水稻苗期、孕穗期和成熟期对土壤速效氮磷钾含量、有机碳（SOC）含量、阳离子交换量（CEC）、碱化度（ESP）以及交换性Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量进行动态分析，进而揭示对新开碱地稻田土壤性状最具优化作用的菌糠与Al₂(SO₄)₃间的最佳配比。结果表明，历经水稻生长季，3.0 t/hm² Al₂(SO₄)₃结合12.0 t/hm²菌糠的施入可使新开碱地稻田土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量分别降低46.1%、32.1%，相反增加CEC、速效钾和SOC的含量；Al₂(SO₄)₃用量为0 或1.0 t/hm²时，配施菌糠能够促进SOC的矿化分解，而将用量增至2.0或3.0 t/hm²后，SOC含量有所累积；Al₂(SO₄)₃和菌糠的施入能够缓解CEC的降低，甚至通过适宜配比［Al₂(SO₄)₃ 3.0 t/hm²结合4、8或12.0 t/hm²菌糠］的调控可使CEC增加，其中3.0 t/hm² Al₂(SO₄)₃和12.0 t/hm²菌糠的配比能够使CEC增加72.6%；施用较大量Al₂(SO₄)₃不利于ESP的降低以及交换性Ca²⁺含量的增高，而在不施用Al₂(SO₄)₃的情况下，菌糠的施用更有益于ESP的降低；经过水稻生长季，施用Al₂(SO₄)₃和菌糠后土壤交换性Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量均有所增加。3.0 t/hm²Al₂(SO₄)₃和12.0 t/hm²菌糠的施入更有利于新开碱地稻田保肥与供肥协调，考虑到降低ESP对水稻生产的益处，可适当减少Al₂(SO₄)₃的用量。

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