Abstract: To provide theoretical basis for improving the ecological problems of winter idle fields and the rational use of green manure resources in North China,Oryehophragmus violaeeus,Vicia villosa Roth,and Rerennial ryegrass,three types of winter green manure were selected,and winter leisure was used as a control,and a nine-year continuous positioning test was performed. Plant and soil samples were collected before and after turning over winter green manure to measure plant biomass,nutrient content,soil organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon,soil total nitrogen,soil nitrate nitrogen,soil ammonium nitrogen and so
on.The test results showed that the biomasses of Oryehophragmus violaeeus and Rerennial ryegrass were significantly higher than that of Vicia villosa Roth,which were 48.17% and 40.85% higher,respectively.Oryehophragmus violaeeus and Vicia villosa Roth had higher phosphorus and potassium content than Rerennial ryegrass.The soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon contents of the three types of green manure treatments were significantly higher than those of winter idle fields.The best treatment of soil organic carbon content was Vicia villosa Roth treatment,which was 13.97 g/kg,and the best treatment of soil microbial biomass carbon content was Oryehophragmus violaeeus treatment,which was 164.13 μg/g.Compared with winter idle fields,the three kinds of green manure overturning all increased the soil nitrogen content.The total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,and microbial biomass nitrogen contents of the leguminous green manure Vicia villosa Roth treatment were the best,which were 26.50%,150.97%,52.92%,and 83.32% higher than those in winter idle fields,respectively.The results of this experiment showed that planting green manure could not only make full use of large areas of winter leisure fields,increase soil winter coverage,but also improve soil organic carbon and nitrogen content,and improve the ecological environment.

Key words: Winter green manure, Winter leisure field, Covering, Biomass, Soil carbon, Soil nitrogen

摘要： 为改善华北地区冬闲田生态问题以及为绿肥资源的合理利用提供理论依据,选取二月兰、毛叶苕子和黑麦草3种冬绿肥，以冬闲为对照，进行了9 a连续定位试验。在冬绿肥翻压前采集植物和翻压后采集土壤样品，测定植株生物量、养分含量以及土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、土壤全氮、土壤硝态氮、土壤铵态氮含量等，研究3种不同冬绿肥生物量及覆盖翻压对土壤碳、氮含量的影响。结果表明，二月兰和黑麦草的生物量显著高于毛叶苕子，分别高出48.17%和40.85%；二月兰和毛叶苕子植株全磷及全钾含量高于黑麦草。3种绿肥处理的土壤有机碳、微生物量碳含量均显著高于冬闲，土壤有机碳含量以毛叶苕子处理最高，为13.97 g/kg，土壤微生物量碳含量以二月兰处理最高，为164.13 μg/g。与冬闲相比，3种绿肥翻压均不同程度提高了土壤氮含量。豆科绿肥毛叶苕子处理的土壤全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、微生物量氮含量均为最高，分别比冬闲提高了26.50%、150.97%、52.92%、83.32%。因此，种植绿肥不仅能充分利用大面积的冬闲田，增加土壤冬季覆盖面积，还能提高土壤有机碳、氮含量等，改善生态环境。

关键词: 冬绿肥, 冬闲田, 覆盖, 生物量, 土壤碳, 土壤氮