Effect of Planting Density on Yield and Canopy Characteristics of New Maize Variety Zhengdan 901 for Grain and Silage

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.004

Abstract

Abstract: In order to determine the optimum planting density of new maize variety Zhengdan 901 for grain and silage,the effects of planting density on canopy structure,grain yield and silage biological yield of Zhengdan 901 were evaluated in this study. The results indicated that the ear height and plant height of Zhengdan 901 increased accompanying with the increasement of planting density from 4.5×10⁴ plants/ha to 9.0×10⁴plants/ha,however,which were decreased significantly when the planting density was over 9.0×10⁴ plants/ha,and the sensitivity of ear height to planting density was higher than that of plant height.The uniformity of plant height and ear height increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of planting density,which reached the maximum at 9.0×10⁴ plants/ha.The canopy structure of Zhengdan 901 was significantly affected by planting density.For every 1.5×10⁴ plants/ha of planting density in creased,the leaf area index of ear layer and bottom layer increased by 0.18—0.27 and 0.14—0.35,respectively,the light transmittance ratio decreased by 2.7%—4.1% and 2.7%—4.0%,respectively,and the leaf obliquity increased by 3.1°—7.0° and 6.1°—11.0°,respectively.Grain yield,silage dry weight and silage fresh weight increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density.When the planting density was 7.5×10⁴ plants/ ha,the grain yield was the highest;when the density was increased within 4.5×10⁴—9.0×10⁴ plants/ha,the decreasing amplitude of the number of grain per ear was greater than that of 100-grain weight;when the planting density was higher than 9. 0×10⁴plants/ha,the decreasing amplitude of 100-grain weight was higher than that of the number of grains per ear. When the planting density was 9.0×10⁴plants/ha,the silage dry weight and silage fresh weight were the highest.In summary,with moderate ear height and plant height,highest uniformity,and optimal canopy characteristic,the plants in 7.5×10⁴ plants/ha obtained the highest grain yield.The highest silage dry weight and silage fresh weight were obtained in 9.0×10⁴ plants/ha.In field production,the optimal planting density should be decided according to the purpose for grain or silage,to obtain the highest yield.

Key words: Grain and silage maize, Planting density, Canopy, Grain yield, Silage fresh weight, Uniformity;Leaf area index, Light transmittance ratio

摘要： 为了明确粮饲通用型玉米品种郑单901的最佳种植密度，研究了种植密度对其冠层结构、籽粒产量和青贮产量的影响。结果表明，种植密度从4.5万株/hm²增加到9.0万株/hm²，郑单901穗位高和株高均呈增加趋势；种植密度超过9.0万株/hm²后，穗位高和株高显著降低，穗位高对种植密度的敏感度高于株高。株高和穗位高的整齐度随种植密度增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，在9.0万株/hm²时最高。种植密度显著影响郑单901的冠层结构，种植密度每增加1.5万株/hm²，穗位层和底层叶面积指数分别增加0.18～0.27和0.14～0.35，透光率分别降低2.7%～4.1%和2.7%～4.0%，叶倾角分别增加3.1°～7.0°和6.1°～11.0°。籽粒产量、青贮干质量和青贮鲜质量随种植密度增加表现为先增加后降低。种植密度为7.5万株/hm²时籽粒产量最高，4.5万～9.0万株/hm²内增加密度，穗粒数降幅大于百粒质量降幅，种植密度高于9.0万株/hm²时，百粒质量降幅高于穗粒数降幅。青贮干质量和青贮鲜质量在种植密度为9.0万株/hm²时最高。综上所述，粮饲通用型玉米新品种郑单901在种植密度为7.5万株/hm²时，株高和穗位高适中且整齐度最高，冠层分布合理，籽粒产量最高，而在种植密度为9.0万株/hm²时青贮干质量和青贮鲜质量最高，生产中应该根据用途选择适宜的种植密度获得高产。

关键词: 粮饲通用型玉米, 密度, 冠层, 籽粒产量, 青贮鲜质量, 整齐度, 叶面积指数, 透光率

CLC Number:

S513

XUE Huazheng, GU Limin, XIA Laikun, MU Xinyuan, LIU Kang, HAN Xiaohua, TANG Baojun, ZHOU Bo. Effect of Planting Density on Yield and Canopy Characteristics of New Maize Variety Zhengdan 901 for Grain and Silage[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 48(12): 23-29.

薛华政, 谷利敏, 夏来坤, 穆心愿, 刘康, 韩小花, 唐保军, 周波. 密度对粮饲通用型玉米新品种郑单901冠层结构和产量的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2019, 48(12): 23-29.

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