河南农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 61-70.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.11.008

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土高原雨养区苜蓿地土壤微生物功能多样性研究

程文文1,2,罗珠珠1,2,牛伊宁2,蔡霞1   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学 资源与环境学院,甘肃 兰州 730070;2.甘肃省干旱生境作物学省部共建国家重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-30 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2020-11-15
  • 通讯作者: 罗珠珠(1979-),女,甘肃天水人,教授,博士,主要从事旱作农田土壤生态研究。E-mail:luozz@gsau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:程文文(1992-),男,河南郑州人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤生态学。E-mail:1038811676@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技计划项目(18JR3RA175)

Microbes Functional Diversity of Alfalfa Soil in the Rainfed Loess Plateau

CHENG Wenwen1,2,LUO Zhuzhu1,2,NIU Yining2,CAI Xia1   

  1. (1.College of Resources and Environmental Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;2.Gansu Provincinal Key Lab of Arid land Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China)
  • Received:2020-04-30 Published:2020-11-15 Online:2020-11-15

摘要: 为探究黄土高原土壤微生物功能多样性对苜蓿种植年限的响应,依托黄土高原雨养农业区长期定位试验(2002—2016年),以农田为对照,不同种植年限(6、13、15 a)紫花苜蓿地土壤为研究对象,研究苜蓿种植年限对土壤有机碳含量、微生物量碳含量以及微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明,与农田相比,种植苜蓿可显著提高土壤微生物量碳含量,随着苜蓿种植年限延长,土壤有机碳含量、微生物量碳含量均呈现出明显的降低趋势。Biolog生态微平板的碳源利用率分析表明,随着土壤深度的加深,苜蓿地中的微生物对碳水化合物类和氨基酸类的利用率明显降低。在0~30 cm和30~60 cm土壤深度,培养120 h后,6 a 的平均颜色变化率明显高于农田和13、15 a。土壤微生物多样性指数(H)、均匀度指数(U)和碳源利用丰富度指数(S)在0~30 cm土壤深度之间无显著差异;30~60 cm土壤深度H、S值表现为6、13 a与农田差异显著。苜蓿土壤中的微生物主要利用碳水化合物类和氨基酸类,农田土壤微生物主要利用碳水化合物类和羧酸类。主成分分析表明,苜蓿土壤和农田土壤微生物碳源利用特征出现分异,对各类碳源的喜好不一。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 土壤微生物多样性, 土壤有机碳, 黄土高原, 雨养区

Abstract: To explore the response of soil microbial functional diversity on alfalfa planting years in the Loess Plateau,based on the long-term localization experiment(2002—2016) in the rainfed agricultural area of Loess Plateau,alfalfa plamting soils with three cultivated years(6,13 and 15 a) in Loess Plateau were selected with farmland as control,the influence of different alfalfa planting years on soil organic carbon content,microbial biomass carbon content and microbial functional diversity were studied.The results showed that compared with farmland,planting alfalfa could significantly increase soil microbial biomass carbon content. With the extension of the planting years of alfalfa,soil organic content and microbial biomass carbon contents showed an obvious trend of decline. Biolog eco plate TM analysis of the carbon source utilization ratio of the microbial community showed that the utilization of carbohydrates and amino acids in the alfalfa planting soils decreased with the deepening of the soil layer.At the soil depth of 0—30 cm and 30—60 cm,the average rate of color change of alfalfa planting soils for 6 a was significantly higher than that of farmland,13 a and 15 a after 120 h cultivation.There was no significant difference in soil microbial diversity index (H),evenness index (U) and carbon source richness index (S) at the soil depth of 0—30 cm;the H and S values of 6,13 a of 30—60 cm were significantly different from farmland.While carbohydrates and amino acids are well utilized by soil microorganisms in alfalfa planting soils,carbohydrates and carboxylic acids are mainly used by farmland soil microorganisms.The principal component analysis showed that the utilization characteristics of microbial carbon sources in alfalfa planting and farmland soils were different,and the preferences of different carbon sources of them were different.

Key words: Medicago sativa, Soil microbial diversity, Soil organic carbon, Loess Plateau, Rainfed area

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