河南农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 74-83.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.06.010

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

模拟径流试验条件下紫色土有机肥氮素流失特征研究

夏红霞1,2,朱启红1,刘希东1,李强1,王书敏1,丁武泉1,杨志敏2,陈玉成2   

  1. (1.重庆文理学院 重庆市环境材料与修复技术重点实验室,重庆 永川 402160;2.西南大学/三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆 北碚 400716)
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-09 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 陈玉成(1965-),男,湖北监利人,教授,博士,主要从事环境修复教学和研究。E-mail:2085624447@qq.com
  • 作者简介:夏红霞(1981-),女,四川都江堰人,副教授,博士,主要从事环境修复教学和研究。E-mail:741389420@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市基础与前沿研究计划项目 (cstc2014jcyjJA20013,cstc2015jcyjA20028);重庆市教育委员会资助项目(KJ1601120);重庆市永川区自然科学基金项目 (Ycstc2017nc1002);重庆文理学院校级科研项目(Y2015CH31)

Characteristics of Nitrogen Losses of Organic Fertilizers in Purplish Soil in Simulating Runoff Experiments

XIA Hongxia1,2,ZHU Qihong1,LIU Xidong1,LI Qiang1,WANG Shumin1,DING Wuquan1,YANG Zhimin2,CHEN Yucheng2   

  1. (1.Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies,Chongqing University of Arts&Sciences,Yongchuan 402160,China; 2.Southwest University/Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region′s Eco-Environment,Ministry of Education,Beibei 400716,China)
  • Received:2019-10-09 Published:2020-06-15 Online:2020-06-15

摘要: 为研究有机肥化肥施用于紫色土后氮素流失特征的差别,以牛粪、有机-无机复混肥、沼液、油枯、化肥(磷酸氢二铵)为供试肥料,通过人工模拟径流试验,对比研究典型有机肥、化肥中氮素在紫色土径流中的流失特征。试验结果显示,在供试条件下,施肥处理径流液中总氮含量均极显著(P<0.01)高于不施肥的空白,为空白的3.4~9.1倍;而供试有机肥处理径流液中总氮含量与化肥处理相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。供试有机肥相对化肥总氮流失率大小顺序为牛粪>有机-无机复混肥>沼液>油枯。紫色土中的径流总氮含量与降雨强度、施肥量、坡度呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),且坡度是引起氮素流失最主要的因素,施肥量次之,降雨强度最小。在模拟径流试验条件下,颗粒态氮是供试肥料在紫色土中的主要流失形态,占总氮的52.51%~81.50%,铵态氮流失大于硝态氮,其中铵态氮占总氮的11.44%~43.57%,硝态氮仅占总氮的1.74%~14.55%。由此表明,在紫色土中施用有机肥一样会造成氮素径流流失,且有机肥总氮流失在一定条件下还可能高于化肥。因此,在农业生产过程中应该合理选用不同类型的有机肥,并合理控制施用量。

关键词: 紫色土, 径流, 有机肥, 化肥, 氮, 流失, 形态

Abstract: In order to study the differences of nitrogen loss between organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizerafter application in purplish soil,according to local agricultural habits in Chongqing,chemical fertilizer,swine manure (SM),oil cake (OC),biogas slurry (BS) and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer(OF) were selected to compare the characteristics of nitrogen loss by indoor simulating runoff experiment in purplish soil.The results showed that,under the experimental condition,total nitrogen contents in runoff fluid of fertilizer treatments were all significantly(P<0.01) higher than blank,with 3.4—9.1 times,while the differences between organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizer were insignificant(P>0.05).The order of total nitrogen loss rates of organic fertilizers relative to chemical fertilizer was SM>OF>BS>OC.The rainfall intensity,fertilizing amount and slope had significantly positive relation with runoff total nitro gen(TN) content in purplish soil (P<0.05),and slope was the most important factor for causing nitrogenloss,followed by fertilizing amount and rainfall intensity.Under the indoor simulating condition,particulate nitrogen was the main form in runoff, accounting for 52.51%—81.50% of TN, ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N) was higher than nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N),NH4+-N occupied 11.44%—43.57% of TN and NO3--N only occupied 1.74%—14.55%. It presented that organic fertilizer application would cause nitrogen loss by runoff water in purplish soil,and nitrogen loss of organic fertilizer might be significantly higher than that of chemical fertilizer in a certain condition.Thus,different kinds of organic fertilizers should be applied reasonably in agricultural production,and fertilizing amount should be controlled.

Key words: Purplish soil, Runoff, Organic fertilizer, Chemical fertilizer, Nitrogen, Loss, Form

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