河南农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 16-22.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.06.003

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同耕作方式和氮肥减施量对小麦产量及经济效益的影响

聂胜委1,张浩光2,张巧萍1,许纪东2,张玉亭1   

  1. (1.河南省农业科学院 植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南 郑州 450002;2.遂平县农业科学试验站,河南 遂平 463100)
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-20 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-15
  • 作者简介:聂胜委(1979-),男,河南汝州人,副研究员,博士,主要从事耕作制度与废弃物资源化利用研究。E-mail:nsw2004@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发专项(2017YFD0201702);河南省肉牛产业技术体系建设专项(S2013-08-G03)

Effects of Reduced Application Rate of Nitrogen on Yield and Economical Benefit of Wheat under Different Tillage Methods

NIE Shengwei1,ZHANG Haoguang2,ZHANG Qiaoping1,XU Jidong2,ZHANG Yuting1   

  1. (1.Institute of Plant Nutrient,Resources and Environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.Experiment Station of Agricultural Science in Suiping County,Suiping 463100,China)
  • Received:2019-12-20 Published:2020-06-15 Online:2020-06-15

摘要: 连续2个小麦季(2017—2018、2018—2019年)研究立式旋耕[FL,(30±5) cm]、常规旋耕[XG,(12±5) cm]下,不同氮肥减施量[EF(CK,过量施氮300 kg/hm2)、RF10(减氮10%)、RF20(减氮20%)、RF30(减氮30%)]处理的小麦经济效益,为实现氮肥减量施用、资源高效利用提供参考。结果表明,在FL方式下,与EF处理相比,连续2个小麦季减氮20%可以实现减氮不减产;减氮20%能够获得较高的纯收入和产投比,减氮10%、30%处理在减施第1个小麦季纯收入、产投比下降,第2个小麦季则增加。2018年,FL-EF、FL-RF10、FL-RF20、FL-RF30处理的纯收入分别为8 030.5、7 342.4、8 891.7、5 742.9元/hm2;2019年,上述各处理分别为13 791.5、14 231.2、14 616.8、13 823.8元/hm2。XG方式下,连续2个小麦季减氮20%也可以实现减氮不减产;减氮20%能够获得较高的纯收入和产投比,而减氮10%、30%处理不仅在第1个小麦季会造成纯收入下降,而且第2个小麦季纯收入持续下降。2018年,XG-EF、XG-RF10、XG-RF20、XG-RF30处理纯收入分别为9 190.0、8 832.5、9 714.7、7 205.4元/hm2;2019年,上述各处理分别为13 452.6、13 257.1、15 022.4、12 465.6元/hm2。综合分析,FL方式优于XG方式,FL方式总投入比XG方式多375.0元/hm2,但纯收入增加217.7元/hm2,而且能增加土壤耕层厚度,调节土壤结构,改善土壤性能,促进可持续生产。

关键词: 耕作方式, 氮肥减施, 小麦, 经济效益

Abstract: The economical benefits of wheat of EF(CK,nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/ha),RF10(reducing 10% of nitrogen fertilizer),RF20( reducing 20% of nitrogen fertilizer) and RF30( reducing 30% of nitrogen fertilizer)treatments were studied under vertical rotary tillage [FL,(30±5) cm] and traditional rotary tillage [XG,(12±5) cm] methods in 2017—2018 and 2018—2019 respectively,so as to provide reference for reducing nitrogen fertilizer application and efficiently utilizing resources.The results showed that,compared with FL-EF treatment,FL-RF20 treatment did not decrease the wheat yields in two wheat seasons;FL-RF20 treatment obtained higher net income and ratio of output to input,while FLRF10,FL-RF30 treatments decreased net income and ratio of output to input in the first wheat season,and increased in the second wheat season,respectively. The net incomes of FL-EF,FL-RF10,FL-RF20,FLRF30 treatments were 8 030. 5,7 342.4,8 891.7,5 742.9 Yuan/ha in 2018,and 13 791.5,14 231.2,14 616.8,13 823.8 Yuan/ ha in 2019,respectively.Compared with XG-EF treatment,XG-RF20 treatment did not decrease the wheat yields in two wheat seasons;XG-RF20 treatment obtained higher net income and ratio of output to input,while XG-RF10,XG-RF30 treatments decreased net incomes in two wheat seasons.The net incomes of XG-EF,XG-RF10,XG-RF20,XG-RF30 treatments were 9 190.0,8 832. 5,9 714.7,7 205.4 Yuan/ha in 2018,and 13 452.6,13 257.1,15 022.4,12 465.6 Yuan/ha in 2019,respectively.Compared with traditional rotary tillage method,total input of vertical rotary tillage method increased by 375.0 Yuan/ha,but net income of vertical rotary tillage method increased by 217.7 Yuan/ha.Overall,vertical rotary tillage method is better than traditional rotary tillage method,which could increase the soil layer depth,improve soil structure,adjust soil function,and promote sustainable productivity.

Key words: Tillage methods, Reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer, Wheat, Economic benefit

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