河南农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 58-67.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.02.008

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机肥基追比例及施用时期对烤烟上部叶产质量及根系生长的影响

何孝磊1,苟正贵2,刘大学1,杨胜鱼1,赵启超1,杨胜辉1,吴光斌1,熊茂荣1   

  1. (1.黔南州烟草公司平塘县分公司,贵州 平塘 558300; 2.贵州省烟草公司黔南州公司,贵州 都匀 558000)
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-29 出版日期:2020-02-15 发布日期:2020-02-15
  • 通讯作者: 熊茂荣(1977-),男,贵州瓮安人,农艺师,主要从事烤烟生产管理工作。E-mail:sanmei1421@163.com
  • 作者简介:何孝磊(1991-),男,贵州平塘人,助理农艺师,硕士,主要从事烤烟技术推广工作。E-mail:hexioa@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    黔南田烟栽培调控技术集成与应用项目(黔南烟技〔2016〕1号)

Effects of Basal/topdressing Ratio and Application Time of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaf and Root Growth

HE Xiaolei1,GOU Zhenggui2,LIU Daxue1,YANG Shengyu1,ZHAO Qichao1,YANG Shenghui1,WU Guangbin1,XIONG Maorong1   

  1. (1. Qiannan Pingtang Tobacco Company,Pingtang 558300,China; 2.Qiannan Municipal Tobacco Company,Duyun 558000,China)
  • Received:2019-07-29 Published:2020-02-15 Online:2020-02-15

摘要: 为缓解烟草连作造成的土壤营养失衡和上部叶产质量下降等问题,探究烤烟上部叶生产适宜的有机肥施用方法,以有机肥100%作基肥(起垄时施用)为对照(CK),通过2016—2017年田间试验,研究了有机肥不同基追比例(4∶1、3∶2)与不同施用时期(移栽后第20、30天)处理下云烟87根质量、根体积、土壤酶活力及上部叶产质量的差异。结果表明,20%有机肥作追肥于移栽后20 d施用(T1)处理移栽后70 d烟田土壤酶活性较CK显著提高,2016、2017年土壤脲酶活性增幅分别为16.59%、14.17%,磷酸酶活性增幅分别为1.77%、1.73%,另外,T1处理烟株根系发育指标较CK提高显著,移栽后70 d烟株不定根活力在2016、2017年分别提高11.37%、9.76%,根干质量在2016、2017年分别增加30.02%、19.96%,根体积在2016、2017年分别增加32.84%、32.69%。T1处理烤后上部叶外观质量分值、感官评吸质量分值、产量及产值均最高,且显著高于CK。综上所述,T1处理对改善烟田土壤酶活力,促进烟株发育效果最好,其烤后上部烟叶产质量均显著优于CK,故平塘烤烟生产中20%有机肥可作为追肥于移栽后20 d施用,有助于其上部烟叶产质量提升。

关键词: 烤烟, 有机肥, 基追比, 施用时期, 上部叶, 产量, 品质

Abstract: To alleviate the problem of soil nutrients imbalance and lower yield and quality of the upper tobacco leaves caused by tobacco continuous cropping in Pingtang County,the reasonable application time and basal/topdressing ratio of organic fertilizer were explored. Field experiments were carried out using Yunyan 87,the main cultivar as material,to investigate the effects of application time(20 and 30 days after transplanting) and basal/topdressing ratio levels(4∶1 and 3∶2) on root dry matter,root volume,enzyme activities of soil and the yield and quality of upper leaves,with 100% organic fertilizer as base fertilizer (applied when ridging) as control (CK) in 2016 and 2017.The results showed that the enzyme activity of soil was significantly increased 70 days after transplanting in the T1 treatment(20% organic fertilizer application at 20 days after transplanting)compared with control.In detail,the urease activity of soil was increased by 16.59%(2016) and 14.17%(2017) respectively,while the increase rate was 1.77% (2016) and 1.73%(2017) for phosphatase activity.Besides,the tobacco root development index of T1treatment was significantly higher than that of control.The vitality of tobacco adventitious root was increased by 11.37%(2016),9.76%(2017) respectively,the weight of root dry matter was increased by 30.02% (2016) and 19.96% (2017) respectively, and the increase rate was 32. 84% (2016) and 32.69%(2017) for root volume.The score of appearance quality and smoking quality,yield and output were maximal in T1 treatment,and there was significant difference between T1 treatment and control.In conclusion,the T1 treatment had the best effect on improving soil enzyme vitality and promoting the development of tobacco plants,and the yield and quality of upper leaves were significantly better than that of control.Thus,the T1 treatment,20% organic fertilizer application at 20 days after transplanting,contributed to improvement of the yield and quality of Yunyan 87 upper tobacco leaves in Pingtang County.

Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Organic fertilizer, Basal/topdressing ratio, Application time, Upper tobacco leaf, Yield, Quality

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