河南农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 27-33.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.02.004

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

刈割时期和留茬高度对水稻饲草产量、品质及籽粒产量的影响

彭廷1,王童童1,李玲子2,陈亚蓝3,静莉丽1,王家琪1,王成章4,张静1,滕永忠5,赵全志1   

  1. 1.河南粮食作物协同创新中心/河南省水稻生物学重点实验室/河南农业大学,河南 郑州450046;2.河南省农业广播电视学校,河南 郑州 450008;3.信阳农林学院,河南 信阳 464006;4.河南农业大学 牧医工程学院,河南 郑州450046;5.河南省农业科学院 农业经济与信息研究所,河南 郑州450002)
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-25 出版日期:2020-02-15 发布日期:2020-02-15
  • 通讯作者: 滕永忠(1970-),男,河南平舆人,副研究员,主要从事农业经济与农业技术经济研究。E-mail:13598062882@163.com。赵全志(1968-),男,河南平舆人,教授,博士,主要从事水稻生理生态研究。E-mail:qzzhaoh@126.com
  • 作者简介:彭廷(1985-),男,河南桐柏人,副教授,博士,主要从事水稻分子生理研究。E-mail:lypengting@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省水稻产业技术体系项目(S2012-04-02)

Effect of Clipping Stage and Stubble Height on Quality and Yield of Herbage and Grain Yield of Ratoon Rice

PENG Ting1,WANG Tongtong1,LI Lingzi2,CHEN Yalan3,JING Lili1,WANG Jiaqi1,WANG Chengzhang4,ZHANG Jing1,TENG Yongzhong5,ZHAO Quanzhi1   

  1. (1. Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/ Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province/Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;2.Henan Agricultural Radio and Television School,Zhengzhou 450008,China;3.Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University,Xinyang 464006,China;4.College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;5.Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
  • Received:2019-11-25 Published:2020-02-15 Online:2020-02-15

摘要: 为缓解畜牧业发展所需饲草与粮食生产争地的严峻形势,开发水稻粮饲兼用种植模式,采用裂区设计,设置头季水稻刈割时期(抽穗开花期、灌浆期和蜡熟期)为主区,留茬高度(25 cm、35 cm和45 cm)为副区,研究了头季水稻刈割时期和留茬高度对头季干饲草和青贮饲草产量和品质及再生稻籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,随着头季水稻刈割时间的推迟,头季干饲草和青贮饲草产量均呈逐渐增加的趋势,再生稻籽粒产量呈逐渐减小的趋势;随着头季水稻刈割时留茬高度的增加,头季干饲草和青贮饲草产量均呈逐渐减小的趋势;抽穗开花期刈割留茬高度越低再生稻籽粒产量越高,而灌浆期和蜡熟期刈割留茬高度越高再生稻籽粒产量越高。抽穗开花期刈割头季水稻干饲草品质最优,蜡熟期刈割头季水稻青贮饲料品质最优,均达优质一级标准。综上,该种植方式创新了2种水稻栽培模式:一是以再生稻米为主、优质饲草为辅,在水稻抽穗开花期刈割,25 cm留茬高度可收获优质一级干饲草10.51 t/hm2,再生季可收获稻米10.58 t/hm2;二是以优质饲草为主、再生稻米为辅,在蜡熟期刈割,25 cm留茬高度可收获优质一级青贮饲草34.66 t/hm2,再生季可收获稻米4.21 t/hm2,是实现种植业和养殖业有机融合的新途径。

关键词: 水稻, 刈割时期, 留茬高度, 再生稻, 饲草, 青贮, 产量, 品质

Abstract: In order to alleviate the serious situation of land used for growing food and herbage crops,and develop the planting model of rice for both grain and feed,split plot design was carried out,clipping stage(heading-blooming stage,filling stage and wax maturity stage) was set as the main plot,stubble height(25 cm,35 cm and 45 cm) was set as the sub-plot,and the effect of clipping stage and stubble height on the yield,quality of dry herbage and silage of first-season rice and the grain yield of ratoon rice was studied.The results showed that the yield of dry herbage and silage of first-season rice increased,and the yield of ratoon rice decreased gradually with the delay of clipping time. Regarding to the stubble height,the yield of dry herbage and silage of the first-season rice decreased gradually with the increase of stubble height,while higher yield of ratoon rice was harvested when the lower of the stubble height in the headingblooming stage and higher of the stubble height in the filling stage and the wax maturity stage.The quality of dry herbage clipped at heading-blooming stage and silage clipped at wax maturity stage was the best,both reaching the first grade according to the standard.Taken together,two candidate cultivation technologies of rice served as food and herbage crops are recommended.First,ratoon rice is main,and high quality dry herbage is as a supplement.In detail,when first-season rice is clipped at heading-blooming stage with 25 cm stubble height,10.51 t/ha high-quality first-grade dry herbage and 10.58 t/ha ratoon rice will be harvested.Second,high quality silage is main,and ratoon rice is as a supplement.In detail,wihen firstseason rice is clipped at wax maturity stage with 25 cm stubble height,34.66 t/ha high-quality first-grade silage and 4.21 t/ha ratoon rice will be harvested.The above two cultivation technologies are new ways to realize the organic integration of planting industry and breeding industry.

Key words: Rice, Clipping stage, Stubble height, Ratoon rice, Herbage, Silage, Yield, Quality

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