球囊菌侵染对意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂的影响

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究球囊菌侵染对意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂存活率、免疫基因、发育基因及肠道菌群的影响，将纯化培养的球囊菌孢子接种6日龄意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂，利用荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测球囊菌侵染对意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂免疫基因、发育基因及肠道菌群的影响。结果表明，连续3 d接种球囊菌孢子对意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂存活率无显著影响（χ²=0.133，P=0.715）。意大利蜜蜂工蜂中肠与后肠球囊菌孢子含量在接种球囊菌孢子4 d时分别显著高于接种8 d时（P<0.05）。与未接种组相比，接种球囊菌孢子4 d，意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂免疫相关基因abaecin、apidaecin、defensin-1、defensin-2、hymenoptaecin、GNBP-1和IMD均显著上调表达（P<0.05）；接种球囊菌孢子8 d，意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂免疫相关基因相对表达量无显著差异（P>0.05）；接种球囊菌孢子4 d和8 d，发育相关基因VGMC、usp、kr-h1、AMHex10869相对表达量无显著差异（P>0.05）。与未接种组相比，接种球囊菌孢子4 d，意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂肠道菌群Lactobacillus Firm-4 与肠道菌总量U16S rRNA的含量显著上升（P<0.05）；接种球囊菌孢子8 d后，肠道菌群Lactobacillus Firm-5 的含量显著上升（P<0.05），肠道菌总量U16S rRNA的含量显著下调（P<0.05）。综上，球囊菌侵染不影响意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂的存活率，但会引起意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂的免疫应激反应，影响意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂肠道菌群的稳定及肠道核心菌群的含量。

关键词: 意大利蜜蜂, 球囊菌, 免疫基因, 发育基因, 肠道菌群

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of Ascosphaera apis infection on survival rates，immune genes，development genes and intestinal flora of Apis mellifera ligustica workers，The purified cultured A.apis spores was inoculated to 6‑day‑old workers of A.m.ligustica，and quantitative real‑time PCR（qRT‑PCR）was used to detect the effects of the infection on immune genes，development genes and intestinal flora of workers of A.m.ligustica.The results showed that the survival rates of workers of A.m.ligustica was not significantly affected by continuous inoculation of A.apis for 3 days（χ²=0.133，P=0.715）.The content of A.apis spores in midgut and hindgut of A.m.ligustica workers at 4 days after inoculation was significantly higher than that in midgut and hindgut of A.m.ligustica workers at 8 days（P<0.05）.Compared with the unvaccinated group，at 4 days after inoculation of A.apis spores，the expression levels of immune‑related genes abaecin，apidaecin，defensin‑1，defensin‑2，hymenoptaecin，GNBP‑1 and IMD in the workers of A.m.ligustica were significantly up‑regulated（P<0.05）；At 8 days after inoculation of A.apis spores，the expression levels of immune‑related genes in the workers of A.m.ligustica were not significantly different（P>0.05）；At 4 and 8 days after inoculation of A.apis spores，the expression levels of developmentrelated genes VGMC，usp，kr‑h1，AMHex10869 in the workers of A.m.ligustica were not significantly different（P>0.05）.Compared with the unvaccinated group，at 4 days after inoculation of A.apis spores，the intestinal bacteria Lactobacillus Firm‑4 and U16S rRNA content in the workers of A.m.ligustica were significantly up‑regulated（P<0.05）.At 8 days after inoculation of A. apis spores，the intestinal bacteria Lactobacillus Firm‑5 content in the workers of A. m. ligustica was significantly up‑regulated（P<0.05），and the intestinal bacteria U16S rRNA content in the workers of A. m. ligustica was significantly down‑regulated（P<0.05）.In conclusion，the infection of A.apis does not affect the survival rate of A.m.ligustica workers，it can cause immune stress response of A.m.ligustica workers，and affect the intestinal flora stability and intestinal core flora content of A.m.ligustica workers.

Key words: Apis mellifera ligustica, Ascosphaera apis, Immune genes, Development genes, Intestinal
flora

中图分类号:

S895

候梦赏, 梁铖, 展江, 秦加敏, 邓尚靠, 宗德琴, 李志国. 球囊菌侵染对意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2023, 52(10): 131-140.

HOU Mengshang, LIANG Cheng, ZHAN Jiang, QIN Jiamin, DENG Shangkao, ZONG Deqin, LI Zhiguo. Effect of Ascosphaera apis Infection on Worker Bees of Apis mellifera ligustica[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(10): 131-140.

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